浙江农业科学

浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (9): 2119-2123.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250261

• 粮食作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

“一基一追”施肥模式对水稻产量及养分吸收利用的影响

罗春红1(), 史勇1, 吕志伟2,3, 金梅娟2,3, 张燕辉2,3, 王海候2,3()   

  1. 1.太仓市沙溪镇农村工作办公室，江苏 太仓 215400
    2.苏州市农业科学院（江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所），江苏 苏州 215155
    3.国家土壤质量相城观测实验站，江苏 苏州 215155
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-02 出版日期:2026-09-11 发布日期:2026-09-24
  • 通讯作者: 王海候
  • 作者简介:王海候，E-mail：wanghaihou@126.com。
    罗春红，主要从事农业技术推广工作。E-mail：57195247@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    2023年太仓市基层农技推广体系改革与建设项目

Effect of “one-basal-one-topdressing” fertilization mode on rice yield and nutrient uptake and utilization

LUO Chunhong1(), SHI Yong1, LYU Zhiwei2,3, JIN Meijuan2,3, ZHANG Yanhui2,3, WANG Haihou2,3()   

  1. 1.Shaxi Town Office of Rural Affairs，Taicang City，Taicang 215400，Jiangsu
    2.Jiangsu Taihu Area Agricultural Science Research Institute/Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Suzhou 215155，Jiangsu
    3.National Soil Quality Xiangcheng Observation Experimental Station，Suzhou 215155，Jiangsu
  • Received:2025-04-02 Online:2026-09-11 Published:2026-09-24
  • Contact: WANG Haihou

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摘要：

为探究不同品种水稻产量及养分吸收利用率对“一基一追”施肥模式的响应，本研究以沪软玉1号、苏粳4699为供试品种开展大田试验，分别设置“基肥+分蘖肥+穗肥”均撒施的常规施肥模式（T1）和“侧深施基肥+穗肥撒施”的“一基一追”施肥模式（T2），比较不同处理下各品种水稻的产量、产量构成因素、成穗率及养分利用效率差异。结果表明：产量方面，T2处理下沪软玉1号、苏粳4699的每667 m2产量分别为623.5、611.8 kg，与T1处理无显著差异；成穗率方面，T2处理下沪软玉1号、苏粳4699的成穗率分别为76.5%、70.1%，较T1处理显著提升了6.6、6.9百分点；肥料利用效率方面，T2处理可显著提高2个品种的氮、磷、钾吸收量及籽粒生产效率、干物质生产效率，沪软玉1号、苏粳4699的氮肥偏生产力分别较T1处理提高40.7%、20.3%，磷肥偏生产力分别提高307.3%、249.3%，钾肥偏生产力分别提高103.8%、74.6%。品种间对比表明，T2处理下沪软玉1号对不同养分的利用效率总体优于苏粳4699。综上所述，采用“侧深施基肥+穗肥撒施”的“一基一追”施肥模式，在N、P2O5、K2O用量减少的条件下，仍可实现水稻稳产与养分吸收利用效率提高的协同。该模式更契合沪软玉1号的高效生产需求；对于苏粳4699，建议在施肥总量不变的前提下，适当降低基施养分比例以控制无效分蘖，并增加后期穗肥用量以促进有效穗形成，从而进一步提高其稳产性和养分利用效率。

关键词: 水稻, 施肥, 产量, 养分利用率, 品种

Abstract:

To investigate the responses of yield and nutrient use efficiency of different rice varieties to the “one-basal-one-topdressing” fertilization mode，field experiments were conducted with two rice varieties，Huruanyu 1 and Sujing 4699. Two treatments were established：conventional fertilization mode（T1）with broadcasting of basal fertilizer，tillering fertilizer，and panicle fertilizer，and the “one-basal-one-topdressing” mode（T2）with side-deep basal fertilization and broadcasting of panicle fertilizer. The yield，yield components，panicle setting rate，and nutrient use efficiency were compared between treatments. The results showed that under T2，the yields per 667 m2 of Huruanyu 1 and Sujing 4699 were 623.5 and 611.8 kg，respectively，with no significant difference from T1. The panicle setting rate under T2 were 76.5% for Huruanyu 1 and 70.1% for Sujing 4699，which were significantly increased by 6.6 and 6.9 percentage points compared with T1. Regarding fertilizer use efficiency，T2 significantly increased the uptake of nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium，as well as grain production efficiency and dry matter production efficiency for both varieties. Specifically，the partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer for Huruanyu 1 and Sujing 4699 under T2 increased by 40.7% and 20.3%，respectively，compared with T1；that of phosphorus fertilizer increased by 307.3% and 249.3%，respectively，and that of potassium fertilizer increased by 103.8% and 74.6%，respectively. Variety comparison indicated that Huruanyu 1 exhibited generally higher nutrient use efficiency than Sujing 4699 under T2. In conclusion，the “one-basal-one-topdressing” mode with side-deep basal fertilization and broadcasting of panicle fertilizer can achieve both stable rice yield and improved nutrient uptake and utilization even under reduced N，P2O5，and K2O application rates. This mode is more suitable for high-efficiency production of Huruanyu 1. For Sujing 4699，it is suggested to appropriately reduce the proportion of basal nutrients to control unproductive tillers and increase the amount of panicle fertilizer to promote the formation of productive panicles，thereby further improving its yield stability and nutrient use efficiency.

Key words: rice, fertilization, yield, nutrient use efficiency, variety

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