浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (8): 1905-1911.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250121

• 粮食作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机肥替代化学氮肥对小麦花后氮代谢和产量的影响

吴小文1(), 王寅2, 杨玲2, 潘志军1, 陈龙1, 李俊生1, 胡志刚1, 孙连伟1, 车钊2()   

  1. 1.庐江县农业技术推广中心,安徽 庐江 231500
    2.安徽农业大学 农学院,安徽 合肥 230036
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-18 出版日期:2026-08-11 发布日期:2026-08-20
  • 通讯作者: 车钊
  • 作者简介:车钊,E-mail:cz17@ahau.edu.cn
    吴小文,研究方向为大宗农作物绿色高效生产技术。E-mail:wuxiaowen20@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项

Effects of replacement of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by organic fertilizer on post-anthesis nitrogen metabolism and yield of wheat

WU Xiaowen1(), WANG Yin2, YANG Ling2, PAN Zhijun1, CHEN Long1, LI Junsheng1, HU Zhigang1, SUN Lianwei1, CHE Zhao2()   

  1. 1.Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Lujiang County,Lujiang 231500,Anhui
    2.College of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,Anhui
  • Received:2025-02-18 Online:2026-08-11 Published:2026-08-20
  • Contact: CHE Zhao

摘要:

为探究不同比例有机肥替代化学氮肥对小麦花后氮代谢及产量的影响,在施氮量一致的前提下,本研究设置CK(常规施肥,单施化肥)、LO(有机肥替代化学氮肥比例为1/3)、MO(有机肥替代化学氮肥比例为1/2)、HO(有机肥替代化学氮肥比例为2/3)和FO(全施有机肥)5个处理,及一个不施氮肥的空白对照(N0),分析小麦花后旗叶SPAD值、铵态氮和硝态氮含量、氮代谢酶活性、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量、氮肥利用率和产量的变化。结果表明,与CK相比,有机肥替代处理下小麦花后叶片SPAD值、叶片硝态氮和铵态氮含量、氮代谢酶活性总体上随有机肥替代比例的提高而呈逐渐降低的趋势。CK处理的产量最高,LO处理次之,二者差异不显著;其他施氮处理随着有机肥替代比例提高,产量显著(p<0.05)降低,降幅为14.61%~29.21%。从氮素利用率来看,除LO外,其余有机肥替代处理的氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力均较CK显著降低。综上,在本试验条件下,有机肥替代1/3化学氮肥能够在保证小麦产量的同时减少化肥使用量,可作为该地区小麦绿色栽培的推荐施肥措施。

关键词: 小麦, 有机肥替代, 氮代谢, 产量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different replacement ratios of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer on post-anthesis nitrogen metabolism and yield of wheat,six treatments were established :N0(no nitrogen fertilizer),CK(conventional fertilization, chemical fertilizer only),LO(organic fertilizer replacing 1/3 of chemical nitrogen fertilizer),MO(organic fertilizer replacing 1/2 of chemical nitrogen fertilizer),HO(organic fertilizer replacing 2/3 of chemical nitrogen fertilizer,respectively),and FO(full organic fertilizer). Except N0, the nitrogen application rate in the other treatments were the same. The SPAD value,ammonium and nitrate nitrogen contents,nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities,free amino acids and soluble protein contents in flag leaves after anthesis,as well as nitrogen use efficiency and yield of wheat were analyzed. The results showed that compared with CK,the SPAD value,nitrate and ammonium nitrogen contents,nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities in flag leaves after anthesis gradually decreased with the increase of organic fertilizer replacement ratio in general. The yield of CK was the highest,followed by LO(1/3 replacement),with no significant difference between them. For other nitrogen treatments,yield significantly (p<0.05) decreased with the increase of organic fertilizer replacement rate,with a reduction range of 14.61%-29.21%. In terms of nitrogen use efficiency,except LO,both agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen in organic fertilizer replacement treatments were significantly lower than those in CK to varying degrees. In conclusion,under this experiment condition,replacement of 1/3 of chemical nitrogen by organic fertilizer can maintain wheat yield while reducing chemical fertilizer input,and can be recommended as a green cultivation fertilization measure for wheat in this region.

Key words: wheat, organic fertilizer replacement, nitrogen metabolism, yield

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