浙江农业科学

浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (9): 2250-2254.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250607

• 植保技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同施肥处理对福寿螺及水稻的影响

何杰1(), 张珏锋2, 李芳2, 俞凯丽2, 李林翰1, 王嘉1, 钟海英2()   

  1. 1.浙江省台州市黄岩区农业技术推广中心 浙江 台州 318020
    2.浙江省农业科学院 植物保护与微生物研究所，浙江 杭州 310021
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-26 出版日期:2026-09-11 发布日期:2026-09-24
  • 通讯作者: 钟海英
  • 作者简介:钟海英，E-mail：zhy8085@163.com。
    何杰，主要从事农业技术推广与研究工作。E-mail：787182394@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    台州市黄岩区二〇二三年科技计划项目(2023031);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY24C040001);国家特色蔬菜产业技术体系杭州综合试验站项目(CARS-24-G-07)

Effects of different fertilizer treatments on Pomacea canaliculata and Oryza sativa

HE Jie1(), ZHANG Juefeng2, LI Fang2, YU Kaili2, LI Linhan1, WANG Jia1, ZHONG Haiying2()   

  1. 1.Huangyan District Agricultural Technology Extension Center in Taizhou City，Zhejiang Province，Taizhou 318020，Zhejiang
    2.Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology，Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Hangzhou 310021，Zhejiang
  • Received:2025-08-26 Online:2026-09-11 Published:2026-09-24
  • Contact: ZHONG Haiying

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摘要：

福寿螺（Pomacea canaliculata）是水生作物上重要的有害生物，其繁殖力强，随水流扩散快，目前防控主要依赖化学杀螺剂，这在一定程度上影响田间水质和其他水生生物安全。因此，亟须探寻高效、安全的“环境友好型”福寿螺绿色防控措施。本试验比较了台州市黄岩区水稻田采用不同肥料处理（碳酸氢铵基肥、碳酸氢铵一基一追、茶籽饼和烟茎有机肥）对福寿螺的灭杀效果及其对水稻产量和经济性状的影响。结果表明：各施肥处理对福寿螺均有一定的灭杀效果。其中，茶籽饼300 kg·hm-2处理对福寿螺的杀螺效果最好，死亡率为43.38%。水稻的产量性状方面，供试的施肥处理均较常规肥处理的水稻产量高，其中，茶籽饼375 kg·hm-2处理产量最高，增产1 521.20 kg·hm-2，增幅为20.37%；烟茎有机肥300 kg·hm-2处理的产量次之，增幅为19.83%。茶籽饼不同施用量下水稻有效穗数和千粒重均处于较高水平。碳酸氢铵基肥375 kg·hm-2处理的效益增加量最高，达3 345.29元·hm-2；碳酸氢铵一基一追处理3个施用量的效益增加量均低于其他肥料处理。综上所述，供试的各肥料处理在杀灭福寿螺、增加水稻产量和收益方面具有一定效果，具有广阔的应用前景。本研究结果为水生作物田福寿螺的绿色防控提供了重要参考依据。

关键词: 肥料, 福寿螺, 杀螺效果, 水稻, 农艺性状, 产量

Abstract:

Pomacea canaliculata（golden apple snail）is a major pest of aquatic crops. It has high fecundity and disperses rapidly with water flow. Current control measures rely primarily on chemical molluscicides，which to some extent affect water quality in paddy fields and the safety of other aquatic organisms. Therefore，there is an urgent need to develop efficient and environmentally friendly “green” control strategies against this pest. In this study，we compared the effects of different fertilizer treatments， namely，ammonium bicarbonate applied as base fertilizer，ammonium bicarbonate applied as base fertilizer plus one topdressing， tea seed cake，and tobacco stem organic fertilizer， on snail mortality as well as on rice yield and agronomic traits in paddy fields in Huangyan District，Taizhou City. The results showed that all the tested fertilizer treatments exhibited certain molluscicidal effects. Among them，tea seed cake applied at 300 kg·hm-2 achieved the highest snail mortality rate of 43.38%. In terms of rice yield，all the tested treatments resulted in higher grain yields compared with the conventional fertilizer control. The highest yield was observed under the tea seed cake treatment at 375 kg·hm-2，with an increase of 1 521.20 kg·hm-2（20.37%）over the control，followed by tobacco stem organic fertilizer at 300 kg·hm-2，which gave a yield increase of 19.83%. Under different application rates of tea seed cake，both the effective panicle number and 1 000-grain weight remained at relatively high levels. The treatment of ammonium bicarbonate as basal fertilizer at 375 kg·hm-2 showed the highest net benefit increase of 3 345.29 yuan·hm-2，whereas the three application amounts of ammonium bicarbonate as one basal plus one topdressing all exhibited lower benefit increases than the other fertilizer treatments. Collectively，these findings indicate that the tested fertilizer treatments have promising potential in controlling P. canaliculata while simultaneously improving rice yield and economic returns，thus providing a valuable reference for the green management of this snail in aquatic crop fields.

Key words: fertilizer, Pomacea canaliculata, molluscicidal effects, rice（Oryza sativa）, agronomic trait, yield

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