浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (10): 2421-2426.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250540

• 果树与蔬菜 • 上一篇    下一篇

化肥减量增施有机肥对设施番茄产量及土壤的影响

张青青1(), 邱韩英2, 杨业凤3, 莫霏2, 付一笛3, 金海洋1()   

  1. 1.上海市农业技术推广服务中心,上海 201103
    2.上海市宝山区农业技术推广中心,上海 201901
    3.上海市浦东新区农业技术推广中心,上海 201201
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-28 出版日期:2026-10-11 发布日期:2026-10-19
  • 通讯作者: 金海洋
  • 作者简介:金海洋,E-mail:jinhaiyang@163.com。
    张青青,主要从事耕地质量管理和土壤保育工作。E-mail:1390540738@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    上海市科技兴农项目(2022-02-08-00-12-F01103)

Effect of combined application of reduced chemical fertilizer and increased organic fertilizer on the yield of facility tomatoes and soil

ZHANG Qingqing1(), QIU Hanying2, YANG Yefeng3, MO Fei2, FU Yidi3, JIN Haiyang1()   

  1. 1.Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center in Shanghai City,Shanghai 201103
    2.Agricultural Technology Extension Center in Baoshan District,Shanghai City,Shanghai 201901
    3.Agricultural Technology Extension Center in Pudong District,Shanghai City,Shanghai 201201
  • Received:2025-07-28 Online:2026-10-11 Published:2026-10-19
  • Contact: JIN Haiyang

摘要:

为探究设施番茄生产中化肥减量增施有机肥的最佳比例,以番茄品种浦粉5号为试验材料,设置不施氮肥(CK)、单施化肥(T1)、常规施肥(商品有机肥+化肥)(T2)、基肥中的化肥减量10%并增施10%有机肥(T3)、基肥中的化肥减量20%并增施20%有机肥(T4)、基肥中的化肥减量30%并增施30%有机肥(T5)和基肥中的化肥减量40%并增施40%有机肥(T6)等7个处理,研究商品有机肥等氮量替代化肥对设施番茄的生长、果实品质、土壤理化性质的影响,并通过主成分分析对不同施肥处理进行综合评分。结果表明,与CK和T1处理相比,T3、T4处理可以显著(p<0.05)提高番茄的株高、茎粗。但不同处理间番茄可溶性固形物含量差异不显著。随着化肥减量增施有机肥比例的增加,设施番茄的株高、产量、投入产出比表现为先升高后降低,土壤速效养分含量逐渐增加。对番茄的株高、茎粗、SPAD值、果实纵径、果实横径、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、产量及投入产出比等指标进行主成分分析,发现不同处理的综合得分表现为:T4>T5>T6>T3>CK>T2>T1。其中,T4处理,即基施600 kg·hm-2化肥和18 000 kg·hm-2商品有机肥,并追施300 kg·hm-2高钾型水溶肥时,番茄每667 m2的产量最高,达到4 272 kg,投入产出比为2.35。

关键词: 番茄, 化肥减量增施有机肥, 产量, 土壤理化性质, 主成分分析

Abstract:

To explore the optimal ratio of reduced chemical fertilizer and increased organic fertilizer in facility tomato production,tomato Pufen 5 was used as the experimental material. Seven treatments were set up,including no nitrogen fertilizer(CK),single application of chemical fertilizer(T1),conventional fertilization (commercial organic manure + chemical fertilizer(T2),10% reduction of basal chemical fertilizer with an additional 10% organic manure application (T3),20% reduction of basal chemical fertilizer with an additional 20% organic manure application (T4), 30% reduction of basal chemical fertilizer with an additional 30% organic manure application (T5), and 40% reduction of basal chemical fertilizer with an additional 40% organic manure application (T6). The effects of replacing chemical fertilizer with commercial organic fertilizer on the growth,fruit quality,and soil physicochemical properties of facility tomatoes were studied,and different fertilization treatments were comprehensively scored through principal component analysis. The results showed that compared with CK and T1 treatments,T3,T4 treatments significantly(p<0.05)increased tomato plant height and stem thickness. However,there was no significant difference in the soluble solids content of tomatoes among different treatments. As the proportion of basal chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer supplementation increased,the plant height,yield,and input-output ratio of facility tomatoes showed an initial increase followed by a decrease,while soil available nutrient contents gradually increased. Principal component analysis was conducted on tomato plant height,stem thickness,SPAD value,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit transverse diameter,fruit shape index,soluble solids content,yield,and input-output ratio. The comprehensive scores of different treatments were T4>T5>T6>T3>CK>T2>T1. Under the T4 treatment,that is,600 kg?hm-2 chemical fertilizer and 18 000 kg?hm-2 commercial organic fertilizer were applied as the basal fertilizer,and 300 kg?hm-2 high potassium water-soluble fertilizer was applied as the topdressing,the highest tomato yield reached 4 272 kg per 667 m2,with an input-output ratio of 2.35.

Key words: tomato, reduced chemical fertilizer and increased organic fertilizer, yield, soil physicochemical properties, principal component analysis

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