Phylogenetic analysis of Panax japonicus (TianMu) and its relatives based on DNA barcode sequences

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240913

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the evolutionary status of Panax japonicus (TianMu), DNA barcode markers including ITS1/ITS2, ITS2, psbA-trnH, and rbcL were amplified using PCR from Panax japonicus (TianMu) samples. Additionally, the homologous sequences of 8 Panax species and 3 exogenous plants were downloaded from NCBI. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 11.0 software to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of P. japonicus (TianMu) and its closely related species at the molecular level. The results indicated that the ITS1/ITS2 sequences showed significant differences between species but were conserved within species; ITS2 sequences had the richest polymorphism and also exhibited intraspecific variation. The psbA-trnH and rbcL sequences were not effective in distinguishing some closely related species. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the ITS1/ITS2 sequences with the neighbor joining method, which showed that Panax. japonicus (TianMu) was closely related to Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius, and they were classified into the same group; the differences between Panax. japonicus (TianMu) and Panax notoginseng and Panax japonicus (Enshi) were greater than the minimum genetic differences within species. The genetic distances between the above-mentioned Panax species ranged from 0.003 to 0.033, indicating that these Panax species are closely related. This study is significant for the protection and exploration of genetic resources of Panax japonicus (TianMu).

Key words: Panax japonicus (TianMu), Panax, DNA barcode, phylogenetics

CLC Number:

S567.51

XIAO Wenfei, YAN Jianli, XIN Ya, CHAI Weiguo. Phylogenetic analysis of Panax japonicus (TianMu) and its relatives based on DNA barcode sequences[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(3): 623-626.

Figures/Tables 4

References 12

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DNA区段	正/反向引物	引物序列(5'-3')
ITS1/ITS2	ITS4	TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC
	ITS5	GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG
ITS2	ITS2F	ATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAAT
	ITS3R	GACGCTTCTCCAGACTACAAT
rbcL	rbcLF	ATGTCACCACAAACAGARACTAAAGCAAG
	1024R	CCCTAAGGGTGTCCTAAAGTTTCTCCACC
psbA-trnH	psbA3F	GTTATGCATGAACGTAATGCTC
	trnH3R	CGCGCATGGTGGATTCACAATC

DNA区段	正/反向引物	引物序列(5'-3')
ITS1/ITS2	ITS4	TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC
	ITS5	GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG
ITS2	ITS2F	ATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAAT
	ITS3R	GACGCTTCTCCAGACTACAAT
rbcL	rbcLF	ATGTCACCACAAACAGARACTAAAGCAAG
	1024R	CCCTAAGGGTGTCCTAAAGTTTCTCCACC
psbA-trnH	psbA3F	GTTATGCATGAACGTAATGCTC
	trnH3R	CGCGCATGGTGGATTCACAATC

对应DNA区段	片段大小/bp	人参属内同源性/%	与楤木的同源性/%	与刺五加的同源性/%	与胡萝卜的同源性/%
ITS1/ITS2	681	96.74~99.70	95.25~95.85	92.59~93.48	70.25~70.31
ITS2	465	95.63~99.56	95.64~97.39	93.91~94.61	72.37~73.68
rbcL	938	97.73~100.00	98.27~99.36	97.73~99.04	95.57~96.81
psbA-trnH	505	96.56~100.00	95.13~96.79	94.61~96.72	88.72~89.47

对应DNA区段	片段大小/bp	人参属内同源性/%	与楤木的同源性/%	与刺五加的同源性/%	与胡萝卜的同源性/%
ITS1/ITS2	681	96.74~99.70	95.25~95.85	92.59~93.48	70.25~70.31
ITS2	465	95.63~99.56	95.64~97.39	93.91~94.61	72.37~73.68
rbcL	938	97.73~100.00	98.27~99.36	97.73~99.04	95.57~96.81
psbA-trnH	505	96.56~100.00	95.13~96.79	94.61~96.72	88.72~89.47

DNA区段	人参属内遗传距离	与楤木遗传距离	与刺五加遗传距离	与胡萝卜遗传距离
ITS2	0.004~0.031	0.030	0.054	0.251
ITS1/ITS2	0.004~0.033	0.045	0.070	0.268
rbcL	0~0.007	0.006	0.012	0.035
psbA-trnH	0~0.021	0.012	0.034	0.088