Optimization of extraction process of gardenia yellow pigment by response surface methodology

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250205

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, the extraction technology of gardenia yellow pigment was optimized through response surface test design. Based on single-factor experimental results, a Box-Behnken response surface methodology was employed to design a 4-factor 3-level experimental scheme. With gardenia yellow pigment extraction yield as the response variable, the investigation focused on pulsed electric field intensity, ethanol volume fraction, solid-to-liquid ratio, and pulse times as critical process parameters. According to the regression equation, the optimal extraction conditions were obtained as follows: Electric field strength was 25 kV·cm^-1, ethanol volume fraction was 28%, solid-liquid ratio was 1∶18 g·mL^-1, pulse times was 8. Under these conditions, the comprehensive score was(9.13±0.53)%, which was basically consistent with the theoretical prediction value of 9.18% by the regression equation. In conclusion, the high voltage pulsed electric field assisted extraction process optimized by response surface methodology is simple and reliable in the extraction of gardenia yellow pigment, providing a theoretical basis for large-scale extraction of gardenia yellow pigment.

Key words: gardenia yellow pigment, high-voltage pulsed electric field, extraction process, response surface methodology

CLC Number:

TS264.4

LI Qunhe, SU Fengxian, ZOU Ying, ZHOU Yanzi. Optimization of extraction process of gardenia yellow pigment by response surface methodology[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(6): 1489-1495.

Figures/Tables 11

References 13

[1]	赵梦亭, 朱如意, 应佳亮, 等. 栀子炮制历史沿革、临床应用及质量评价研究进展[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2021, 36(4): 2229-2237.
[2]	高丽, 张悬, 鲁敏. 高效液相色谱法测定栀子中藏花素的含量[J]. 粮食与饲料工业, 2018(4): 59-61.
[3]	刘心怡, 杨君, 毛碧增. 栀子黄色素的研究进展[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(12): 2997-3004.
[4]	陈丽萍, 王先敏, 李茂星, 等. 栀子中抗氧化的活性成分研究[J]. 华西药学杂志, 2018, 33(2): 179-182.
[5]	LIU D D, YE Y L, ZHANG J, et al. Distinct pro-apoptotic properties of Zhejiang saffron against human lung cancer via a caspase-8-9-3 cascade[J]. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2014, 15(15): 6075-6080.
[6]	李榕, 叶传财, 袁琦虹, 等. 栀子黄色素提取及其抗氧化等性能研究[J]. 云南化工, 2022, 49(7): 21-24.
[7]	陈莎莎, 曹如涛, 林继辉. 超声波辅助醇提法提取栀子中栀子黄色素[J]. 中国调味品, 2023, 48(12): 180-187.
[8]	涂华, 张燕军, 陈碧琼. 热回流法与微波辅助法提取栀子黄色素的比较[J]. 中国调味品, 2012, 37(6): 103-105.
[9]	HONG J, CHEN R J, ZENG X N, et al. Effect of pulsed electric fields assisted acetylation on morphological, structural and functional characteristics of potato starch[J]. Food Chemistry, 2016, 192: 15-24.
[10]	张燕, 马爽, 赵颂宁, 等. 高压脉冲电场技术辅助提取植物功能因子花青素的研究[J]. 食品与发酵科技, 2019, 55(2): 1-5, 13.
[11]	董思敏, 王海璐, 王全凯, 等. 高压脉冲电场法联合提取鹿茸中蛋白质、多糖的工艺优化[J]. 中国药学杂志, 2016, 51(8): 620-624.
[12]	金瑾, 秦令祥, 隋志方, 等. 响应面优化高压脉冲电场协同双酶法提取乳木果油工艺及品质分析研究[J/OL]. 中国油脂, 1-9[2025-04-16]. https://doi.org/10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.240230.
[13]	陈峰, 董声雄, 王喜萍. 超声波辅助浸提栀子黄色素的工艺研究[J]. 宁德师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2015, 27(2): 132-135, 176.

水平	因素
水平	A电场强度/ (kV·cm^-1)	B乙醇体积分数/ %	C料液比/ (g·mL^-1)	D脉冲数/ 个
-1	15	20	1∶10	6
0	20	30	1∶20	8
1	25	40	1∶30	10

水平	因素
水平	A电场强度/ (kV·cm^-1)	B乙醇体积分数/ %	C料液比/ (g·mL^-1)	D脉冲数/ 个
-1	15	20	1∶10	6
0	20	30	1∶20	8
1	25	40	1∶30	10

变异来源		自由度	平方和	均方	比值F	显著水平P	显著性
线性	A	1	4.915 200	4.915 200	19.713 530	0.000 8	^**
	B	1	0.000 008	0.000 008	0.000 033	0.995 5	—
	C	1	0.816 408	0.816 408	3.274 392	0.095 5	—
	D	1	0.496 133	0.496 133	1.989 856	0.183 7	—
二次项	A²	1	1.070 023	1.070 023	4.291 573	0.060 5	—
	B²	1	21.049 840	21.049 840	84.425 190	<0.000 1	^**
	C²	1	6.297 837	6.297 837	25.258 920	0.000 3	^**
	D²	1	6.665 268	6.665 268	26.732 580	0.000 2	^**
交互项	AB	1	3.150 625	3.150 625	12.636 300	0.004 0	^**
	AC	1	1.550 025	1.550 025	6.216 730	0.028 3	^*
	AD	1	0.313 600	0.313 600	1.257 765	0.284 0	—
	BC	1	0.366 025	0.366 025	1.468 027	0.249 0	—
	BD	1	0.148 225	0.148 225	0.594 490	0.455 6	—
	CD	1	6.325 225	6.325 225	25.368 760	0.000 3	^**
误差	—	12	2.991 975	0.249 331	—	—	—
回归	线性	4	6.227 750	1.556 938	6.244 454	0.005 9	^**
	二次项	4	23.928 620	5.982 156	23.992 800	<0.000 1	^**
	交互项	6	11.853 730	1.975 621	7.923 679	0.001 3	^**
	总回归	14	42.010 100	3.000 721	12.035 080	<0.000 1	^**
残差	失拟	10	2.907 108	0.290 711	6.851 002	0.134 0	—
	总残差	2	0.084 867	0.042 433	—	—	—
总和	—	26	45.002 070	—	—	—	—

变异来源		自由度	平方和	均方	比值F	显著水平P	显著性
线性	A	1	4.915 200	4.915 200	19.713 530	0.000 8	^**
	B	1	0.000 008	0.000 008	0.000 033	0.995 5	—
	C	1	0.816 408	0.816 408	3.274 392	0.095 5	—
	D	1	0.496 133	0.496 133	1.989 856	0.183 7	—
二次项	A²	1	1.070 023	1.070 023	4.291 573	0.060 5	—
	B²	1	21.049 840	21.049 840	84.425 190	<0.000 1	^**
	C²	1	6.297 837	6.297 837	25.258 920	0.000 3	^**
	D²	1	6.665 268	6.665 268	26.732 580	0.000 2	^**
交互项	AB	1	3.150 625	3.150 625	12.636 300	0.004 0	^**
	AC	1	1.550 025	1.550 025	6.216 730	0.028 3	^*
	AD	1	0.313 600	0.313 600	1.257 765	0.284 0	—
	BC	1	0.366 025	0.366 025	1.468 027	0.249 0	—
	BD	1	0.148 225	0.148 225	0.594 490	0.455 6	—
	CD	1	6.325 225	6.325 225	25.368 760	0.000 3	^**
误差	—	12	2.991 975	0.249 331	—	—	—
回归	线性	4	6.227 750	1.556 938	6.244 454	0.005 9	^**
	二次项	4	23.928 620	5.982 156	23.992 800	<0.000 1	^**
	交互项	6	11.853 730	1.975 621	7.923 679	0.001 3	^**
	总回归	14	42.010 100	3.000 721	12.035 080	<0.000 1	^**
残差	失拟	10	2.907 108	0.290 711	6.851 002	0.134 0	—
	总残差	2	0.084 867	0.042 433	—	—	—
总和	—	26	45.002 070	—	—	—	—

编码半径	响应预测值	标准误差	因素预测值
编码半径	响应预测值	标准误差	电场强度/(kV·cm^-1)	乙醇体积分数/%	料液比/(g·mL^-1)	脉冲数/个
0.0	8.856 67	0.288 29	0	0	0	0
0.1	8.922 07	0.287 21	0.091 23	-0.009 52	0.029 67	0.026 57
0.2	8.976 00	0.284 06	0.187 01	-0.029 25	0.045 64	0.045 72
0.3	9.020 46	0.279 07	0.286 62	-0.052 31	0.047 14	0.053 75
0.4	9.057 19	0.272 64	0.388 04	-0.075 65	0.034 86	0.049 86
0.5	9.087 69	0.265 42	0.488 90	-0.097 88	0.011 34	0.035 65
0.6	9.113 13	0.258 32	0.587 65	-0.118 62	-0.020 20	0.013 81
0.7	9.134 38	0.252 57	0.683 77	-0.137 93	-0.057 05	-0.013 26
0.8	9.152 01	0.249 73	0.777 34	-0.156 06	-0.097 33	-0.043 80
0.9	9.166 39	0.251 58	0.868 65	-0.173 22	-0.139 86	-0.076 69
1.0	9.177 79	0.259 86	0.958 06	-0.189 64	-0.183 88	-0.111 16