Abstract:

To clarify the differences in phenotypic and quality traits among diverse non-heading Chinese cabbage varieties，this study conducted a comparative experiment using 15 non-heading Chinese cabbage varieties，19 agronomic traits and 6 quality traits were determined. Through correlation analysis，principal component analysis（PCA），cluster analysis，a comprehensive evaluation of non-heading Chinese cabbage was conducted to screen high-quality non-heading Chinese cabbage. The results showed that among the 15 varieties，distinct differences were observed in qualitative traits such as plant type，leaf shape，and leaf color. The coefficient of variation for quantitative traits such as petiole length，single plant weight，leaf to petiole ratio，plant height，as well as four quality traits including glucose content，fructose content，crude protein content，and ascorbic acid content，were all greater than 30.00%. Three varieties（Q1，Q2，Q7）were identified as high-sugar varieties，Q5 exhibited superior single plant weight，and Q15 was characterized by high ascorbic acid content. Correlation analysis showed that there were certain correlations between agronomic traits，agronomic traits and quality traits，and different quality traits of non-heading Chinese cabbage. Principal component analysis further identified representative key indicators：petiole thickness，leaf to petiole ratio，fructose content，crude fiber content，and ascorbic acid content. Cluster analysis ultimately classified the 15 varieties into five distinct groups. These findings provide valuable insights for the selection and utilization of high-quality non-heading Chinese cabbage varieties in breeding and production.

Key words: non-heading Chinese cabbage, agronomic traits, quality, comprehensive evaluation