Regulatory effects of different fertilization methods on nitrogen and phosphorus loss via runoff in paddy fields

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250939

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore optimal fertilization strategies for rice production and non-point source pollution control，a fixed-site experiment was conducted under an early rice-late rice rotation system in a paddy soil area of Wuyi County. Four treatments were established：conventional fertilization，key-factor optimization，integrated optimization，and a blank control. The results showed that cumulative rainfall during the experimental period was 1 406?mm，which induced 11 runoff events with a runoff coefficient of 0.10，indicating significant water retention capacity of the paddy field. The nitrogen and phosphorus inputs from rainfall were 1.67 and 0.024 kg per 667 m2，respectively. After fertilization，differences in nitrogen and phosphorus losses were observed among treatments. The conventional fertilization treatment exhibited the highest total nitrogen and total phosphorus losses（0.23 and 0.006 9 kg per 667 m2，respectively）. The key-factor optimization treatment，which applied stabilized compound fertilizer，reduced total nitrogen loss by 17.4% compared to the conventional fertilization treatment. The integrated optimization treatment，involving the combined application of commercial organic fertilizer and stabilized compound fertilizer，maintained total nitrogen loss at a level comparable to that of the key-factor optimization treatment，while reducing nitrate nitrogen loss by 33.3% compared to the conventional fertilization treatment and keeping phosphorus loss at a relatively low level. The study demonstrates that the combined application of organic manure and stabilized chemical fertilizers can effectively mitigate nitrogen and phosphorus losses via runoff，thereby providing technical support for non-point source pollution control in rice-growing regions of southern China.

Key words: rice, nitrogen, phosphorus, loss, surface runoff

CLC Number:

S511

XIE Qigan, HONG Qinghong. Regulatory effects of different fertilization methods on nitrogen and phosphorus loss via runoff in paddy fields[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(7): 1758-1763.

Figures/Tables 8

References 11

[1]	李昕昱，赵婧，储刚，等. 生物炭在农田退水中氮磷回收与循环利用中的应用及挑战［J］. 环境科学研究，2025，38（10）：2264-2276.
	LI X Y， ZHAO J， CHU G，et al. Applications and challenges of biochar for the recovery and recycling of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural drainage water［J］. Research of Environmental Sciences，2025，38（10）：2264-2276.
[2]	苗欢. 暴雨导致稻田氮磷养分外溢的减控技术研究［D］. 南京：南京信息工程大学，2023.
	MIAO H. Study on reduction and control technology of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient overflow in paddy field caused by rainstorm［D］. Nanjing：Nanjing University of Information Science Technology，2023.
[3]	张锋. 中国化肥投入的面源污染问题研究［D］. 南京：南京农业大学，2011.
	ZHANG F. Study on the non-point pollution of the agricultural fertilizer input in China［D］. Nanjing：Nanjing Agricultural University，2011.
[4]	黄国勤，王兴祥，钱海燕，等. 施用化肥对农业生态环境的负面影响及对策［J］. 生态环境，2004（4）：656-660.
	HUANG G Q， WANG X X， QIAN H Y，et al. Negative impact of inorganic fertilizes application on agricultural environment and its countermeasures［J］. Ecology and Environmnet，2004（4）：656-660.
[5]	陈佳寅，黄程鹏，郑梦琦，等. 有机肥和炭基肥替代化肥对甘薯坡耕地径流氮磷损失的影响［J］. 浙江农林大学学报，2023，40（3）：540-549.
	CHEN J Y， HUANG C P， ZHENG M Q，et al. Effects of substituting organic fertilizer and biochar-based fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer on nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss in sweet potato sloping farmland［J］. Journal of Zhejiang AF University，2023，40（3）：540-549.
[6]	蒋婧媛，罗育池. 优化施肥技术的非点源污染控制环境与经济效益模拟研究［J］. 环境污染与防治，2024，46（12）：1767-1774.
	JIANG J Y， LUO Y C. Environmental and economic benefits assessment of the optimal fertilization for non-point source pollution control［J］. Environmental Pollution and Control，2024，46（12）：1767-1774.
[7]	叶勇标，丁鹏，潘滔，等. 木芙蓉施用不同肥料与径流水氮磷流失关系［J］. 浙江农业科学，2022，63（7）：1495-1498.
	YE Y B， DING P， PAN T，et al. Effect of different fertilizers on nitrogen and phosphorus losses from runoff water in Hibiscus mutabilis field［J］. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences，2022，63（7）：1495-1498.
[8]	李东坡，武志杰，梁成华，等. 缓释尿素氮肥在玉米苗期的养分释放特点［J］. 中国土壤与肥料，2007（1）：34-37.
	LI D P， WU Z J， LIANG C H，et al. Characteristics of releasing nutrition for slow urea nitrogen fertilizers at maize seedling stage［J］. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China，2007（1）：34-37.
[9]	董妹勤，陈晓冬，李建强，等. 不同施肥模式对小麦产量和氮磷流失的影响［J］. 浙江农业科学，2022，63（6）：1144-1146.
	DONG M Q， CHEN X D， LI J Q，et al. Effect of different fertilization patterns on wheat yield and nitrogen and phosphorus losses［J］. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences，2022，63（6）：1144-1146.
[10]	闫凯旋，马萌萌，李卫国，等. 江苏沿海地区不同施肥模式对梨园氮磷流失的影响［J］. 浙江农业科学，2023，64（9）：2181-2187.
	YAN K X， MA M M， LI W G，et al. Effects of different fertilization patterns on nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the operatic circle in coastal areas of Jiangsu［J］. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences，2023，64（9）：2181-2187.
[11]	彭启超. 炭基有机无机复混肥研制及其肥效研究［D］. 沈阳：沈阳农业大学，2019.
	PENG Q C. Study on the development and fertilizer efficiency of biochar-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer［D］. Shenyang：Shenyang Agricultural University，2019.

降雨日期	降雨量/ mm	总氮含量/ （mg·kg^-1）	总磷含量/ （mg·kg^-1）	平均径流量/L
2025-01-26	34	1.40	0.006 1	—
2025-02-20—22	60	1.79	0.004 2	—
2025-03-12—14	133	1.75	0.002 3	1 758
2025-03-31—04-01	120	2.23	0.023 2	1 096
2025-04-13	64	2.04	0.044 1	395
2025-04-24	110	1.85	0.009 9	661
2025-05-08	36	3.90	0.057 4	266
2025-05-22	49	1.89	0.025 1	365
2025-06-03	73	2.14	0.046 0	634
2025-06-15—16	238	1.52	0.034 6	3 190
2025-06-24—25	94	1.13	0.040 3	718
2025-07-23—24	140	1.14	0.019 4	1 209
2025-09-09	73	3.19	0.016 0	—
2025-10-15	56	1.39	0.045 4	300
2025-11-06	58	1.48	0.013 0	—
2025-11-07—08	68	1.52	0.047 5	—

降雨日期	降雨量/ mm	总氮含量/ （mg·kg^-1）	总磷含量/ （mg·kg^-1）	平均径流量/L
2025-01-26	34	1.40	0.006 1	—
2025-02-20—22	60	1.79	0.004 2	—
2025-03-12—14	133	1.75	0.002 3	1 758
2025-03-31—04-01	120	2.23	0.023 2	1 096
2025-04-13	64	2.04	0.044 1	395
2025-04-24	110	1.85	0.009 9	661
2025-05-08	36	3.90	0.057 4	266
2025-05-22	49	1.89	0.025 1	365
2025-06-03	73	2.14	0.046 0	634
2025-06-15—16	238	1.52	0.034 6	3 190
2025-06-24—25	94	1.13	0.040 3	718
2025-07-23—24	140	1.14	0.019 4	1 209
2025-09-09	73	3.19	0.016 0	—
2025-10-15	56	1.39	0.045 4	300
2025-11-06	58	1.48	0.013 0	—
2025-11-07—08	68	1.52	0.047 5	—

处理	每667 m²各形态氮磷径流损失负荷
处理	总氮	可溶态氮	硝态氮	铵态氮	总磷	可溶态磷
2025A	0.23±0.03	0.18±0.02	0.06±0.02	0.09±0.01	0.006 9±0.001	0.003 7±0.001
2025B	0.19±0.01	0.16±0.01	0.05±0.01	0.08±0.01	0.007 0±0.001	0.003 9±0.001
2025C	0.19±0.01	0.15±0.01	0.04±0.01	0.08±0.01	0.006 8±0.001	0.003 7±0.001
2025D	0.12±0.01	0.10±0.01	0.03±0.01	0.05±0.01	0.003 9±0.001	0.002 7±0.001

处理	每667 m²各形态氮磷径流损失负荷
处理	总氮	可溶态氮	硝态氮	铵态氮	总磷	可溶态磷
2025A	0.23±0.03	0.18±0.02	0.06±0.02	0.09±0.01	0.006 9±0.001	0.003 7±0.001
2025B	0.19±0.01	0.16±0.01	0.05±0.01	0.08±0.01	0.007 0±0.001	0.003 9±0.001
2025C	0.19±0.01	0.15±0.01	0.04±0.01	0.08±0.01	0.006 8±0.001	0.003 7±0.001
2025D	0.12±0.01	0.10±0.01	0.03±0.01	0.05±0.01	0.003 9±0.001	0.002 7±0.001

[1]	JIANG Qi, PAN Lingjie, HE Bingqing, HU Jijie, YANG Peibo, CHEN Shaojie. Performance and cultivation techniques of Yongyou 4901 as ratooning rice in eastern Zhejiang [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(7): 1587-1591.
[2]	WANG Wenjia, FENG Yanyu, WANG Wenjing, ZHU Ze, ZHOU Yujie. Analysis of new double-cropping rice varieties demonstration trials in Zhuji City，Zhejiang Province [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(7): 1592-1596.
[3]	HUANG Lihua, CHEN Chao, ZHANG Shanhua, ZHAN Liwei, YIN Shefei. High-yield seed production technology of indica three-line hybrid rice in Suichang County [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(7): 1597-1600.
[4]	YI Jianqun, DONG Zhiyun, LI Yun, LI Chengyong, XU Nanchang, WANG Honghang. Effects of seedling age and planting density on the growth period and yield of indica-japonica hybrid rice Chunyou 801 under machined-transplanting cultivation [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(7): 1601-1606.
[5]	PAN Yueyun, NI Suhong, SHAN Chengyan, DING Zhengquan, SHI Yang, HUANG Haixiang, SHAO Jie. Breeding and application of a high combining ability，round-grain japonica CMS line Jiahe 3686A [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(7): 1607-1611.
[6]	JIANG-XU Yuxuan, ZHANG Junpeng, NI Di'an, SUN Huifeng, ZHANG Jining, WANG Cong, JIANG Zheng, ZHANG Xianxian, ZHOU Sheng. Influence of rice variety and water-fertilizer management combination on rice yield and quality [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(7): 1612-1618.
[7]	ZHANG Qiyan, MENG Huabing, ZHOU Jinting, SUN Li. Performance of conventional japonica rice in demonstration trials and under different cultivation methods [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(7): 1619-1624.
[8]	SHI Yang, NI Suhong, SHAN Chengyan, LUO Yechong, DING Zhengquan, PAN Yueyun, HUANG Haixiang, SHAO Jie. Effects of spraying gibberellin（GA）and epibrassinolide（epi-BR）on flowering time of japonica male sterile lines in three-line hybrid rice seed production [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(7): 1625-1631.
[9]	LI Weiyu, MEI Yalin, YE Gaochao, WANG Cong, SU Ying. Control efficacy of flusulfinam⁃based compound pesticide against resistant barnyard grass in rice fields [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(7): 1743-1746.
[10]	ZHANG Lu, KE Binrong, ZHENG Shizhong, WEI Qi, ZHANG Weirui, LIU Shengrong. Identification，cultivation characteristics of an isolated wild Taiwanofungus camphoratus strain and the capacity of producing asexual spores [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(7): 1783-1788.
[11]	LUO Lei, ZHANG Jinrui, LIU Zeliang, WANG Fei, JIANG Zihang, ZHAO Chunfang, CHEN Xinhong. Effects of selenium fertilization at booting stage on yield and quality of japonica rice [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(6): 1427-1433.
[12]	YAO Songquan, QIU Fen. Comparison and evaluation of introduced rice varieties in Huzhou City [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(6): 1434-1437.
[13]	YANG Haiqin, YE Tingyun, HU Zefan, MA Liya, CHEN Zhaoming. Effect of side-deep application of urea on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of double-season rice [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(6): 1438-1442.
[14]	SHEN Si, ZHAO Weicai, SUN Huiju, DOU Yuqing, WANG Jun, WANG Xuebo, XIE Xiaobin, ZONG Zhaohui. Study on cultivation techniques for one⁃time harvest of upper leaves of tobacco variety NX212 planted in purple soil [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(6): 1462-1468.
[15]	SONG Biqing, YANG Xiaodong, LI Sujuan, CHEN Yunsong, QIAO Yu, LUO Xiu, SONG Wei. Effect of nitrogen application rate and planting density on seed oil yield and fatty acid composition of flue⁃cured tobacco Dashubazhiba [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(6): 1469-1473.