氮肥增效剂与化肥配施对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20220526

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究氮肥增效剂与化肥配施对作物产量和氮肥利用率的影响,本研究采用田间小区试验,对不同施肥处理下水稻产量、植株氮含量和氮肥利用率等进行分析。结果表明:在同等施肥量情况下,与单施化肥相比(RF1、RF2),化肥与氮肥增效剂配施(RF1+NS、RF2+NS)可明显提高水稻产量,增产幅度分别为12.2%和8.8%。与RF1和RF2相比,RF1+NS和RF2+NS处理氮肥表观回收率分别显著提高了9.26和6.20百分点。综上,化肥与氮肥增效剂配施有助于减少氮肥施用量,提高水稻产量和氮肥利用效率。

关键词: 水稻, 氮肥, 氮肥增效剂, 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer synergist and chemical fertilizer on crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency, field experiments were used to analyze rice yield, plant nitrogen content and nitrogen use efficiency under different fertilization treatments. The results showed that the combined application of chemical fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer synergist (RF1+NS, RF2+NS) could significantly increase rice yield by 12.2% and 8.8%, respectively, under the same fertilizer application rate (RF1, RF2). Compared with RF1 and RF2, the apparent recoveries of nitrogen fertilizer in RF1+NS and RF2+NS treatments were significantly increased by 9.26 percentage points and 6.20 percentage points, respectively. In conclusion, the combined application of chemical fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer synergist can help to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application and improve the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice.

Key words: rice, nitrogenous fertilizer, nitrogen synergist, nitrogen use efficiency

中图分类号:

S511.5

陶娟花, 温苗, 石其伟, 张惠泽, 金亮, 马进川. 氮肥增效剂与化肥配施对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(1): 31-36.

TAO Juanhua, WEN Miao, SHI Qiwei, ZHANG Huize, JIN Liang, MA Jinchuan. Effect of fertilizer combined with nitrogen synergist on yield and nitrogen utilization of rice[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(1): 31-36.

图/表 5

参考文献 25

[1]	陈静, 唐振闯, 程广燕. 我国稻谷口粮消费特征及其趋势预测[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2020, 41(4): 108-116.
[2]	秦叶波, 王岳钧, 徐春春, 等. 浙江省水稻产业发展情况及对策建议[J]. 中国稻米, 2020, 26(6): 76-78.
[3]	ZENG J, LIU X J, SONG L, et al. Nitrogen fertilization directly affects soil bacterial diversity and indirectly affects bacterial community composition[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2016, 92: 41-49.
[4]	GU B J, JU X T, CHANG J, et al. Integrated reactive nitrogen budgets and future trends in China[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015, 112(28): 8792-8797.
[5]	林晶晶, 李刚华, 薛利红, 等. ¹⁵N示踪的水稻氮肥利用率细分[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(8): 1424-1434.
[6]	ZHANG J L, SONG X N, WEI H, et al. Effect of substituting nitrogen fertilizer with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria on yield in a double-rice cropping system in Southern China[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2021, 33(4): 2221-2232.
[7]	ZHONG Y, YAN W M, SHANGGUAN Z P. Impact of long-term N additions upon coupling between soil microbial community structure and activity, and nutrient-use efficiencies[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2015, 91: 151-159.
[8]	田发祥, 纪雄辉, 官迪, 等. 氮肥增效剂的研究进展[J]. 杂交水稻, 2020, 35(5): 7-13.
[9]	张文学, 杨成春, 王少先, 等. 脲酶抑制剂与硝化抑制剂对稻田土壤氮素转化的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(4): 417-424.
[10]	石柱, 张丹, 杨奇志, 等. 不同氮肥增效剂对水稻产量和养分利用率的影响[J]. 作物研究, 2016, 30(1): 14-17.
[11]	王玉峰. 氢醌在玉米上应用效果的研究[J]. 玉米科学, 2002, 10(2): 90-92.
[12]	姜亮, 杨靖民. 硝化抑制剂2-氯-6(三氯甲基)吡啶微胶囊对玉米产量的影响[J]. 农业科技与信息, 2016, 13(9): 73-74.
[13]	王静, 王允青, 张凤芝, 等. 脲酶/硝化抑制剂对沿淮平原水稻产量、氮肥利用率及稻田氮素的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019, 33(5): 211-216.
[14]	HEFFER P, MAGEN H, MIKKELSEN R, et al. Managing water and fertilizer for sustainable agricultural intensification[J]. Managing Water and Fertilizer for Sustainable Agricultural Intensification, 2015, 33(5): 211-216.
[15]	钟雪梅, 黄铁平, 彭建伟, 等. 机插同步一次性精量施肥对双季稻养分累积及利用率的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(5): 436-446.
[16]	BYRNES B, VILSMEIER K, AUSTIN E, et al. Degradation of the urease inhibitor phenyl phosphorodiamidate in solutions and floodwaters[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1989, 37(2): 473-477.
[17]	ZERULLA W, BARTH T, DRESSEL J, et al. 3, 4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP)-a new nitrification inhibitor for agriculture and horticulture[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2001, 34(2): 79-84.
[18]	GILL S L, SPURLOCK F C, GOH K S, et al. Vegetated ditches as a management practice in irrigated alfalfa[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2008, 144(1): 261-267.
[19]	邹应斌, 贺帆, 黄见良, 等. 包膜复合肥对水稻生长及营养特性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2005, 11(1): 57-63.
[20]	黄益宗, 冯宗炜, 王效科, 等. 硝化抑制剂在农业上应用的研究进展[J]. 土壤通报, 2002, 33(4): 310-315.
[21]	郝小雨, 马星竹, 陈苗苗, 等. 氮肥配施增效剂实现寒地水稻增产、提质与增效[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019, 33(4): 175-179, 307.
[22]	蒲玮, 吴雅薇, 张頔, 等. 减氮配施氮肥增效剂对土壤速效氮和玉米产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021, 35(3): 276-283.
[23]	田秀英, 王正银. 尿素与复合氮肥增效剂配施对水稻氮素利用的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2006, 20(6): 120-123.
[24]	LINQUIST B A, LIU L J, VAN KESSEL C, et al. Enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers for rice systems: Meta-analysis of yield and nitrogen uptake[J]. Field Crops Research, 2013, 154: 246-254.
[25]	WANG B, LI Y E, WAN Y F, et al. Modifying nitrogen fertilizer practices can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from a Chinese double rice cropping system[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2016, 215: 100-109.

处理	施肥量/(kg·hm^-2)	施肥方式
CK	N 0 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 60 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 75 kg·hm^-2	P、K全部基施
FP	N 189 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 60 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 75 kg·hm^-2	P、K全部基施,氮肥1次基肥,2次追肥,基追比为1∶1.5
RF1	N 159 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 60 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 75 kg·hm^-2	P、K全部基施,氮肥1次基肥,1次追肥,基追比为1∶1
RF1+NS	N 159 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 60 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 75 kg·hm^-2+氮肥增效剂	P、K全部基施,氮肥1次基肥,1次追肥,基追比为1∶1
RF2	N 129 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 60 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 75 kg·hm^-2	P、K全部基施,氮肥1次基肥,2次追肥,基追比为1∶1
RF2+NS	N 129 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 60 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 75 kg·hm^-2+氮肥增效剂	P、K全部基施,氮肥1次基肥,2次追肥,基追比为1∶1

处理	施肥量/(kg·hm^-2)	施肥方式
CK	N 0 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 60 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 75 kg·hm^-2	P、K全部基施
FP	N 189 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 60 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 75 kg·hm^-2	P、K全部基施,氮肥1次基肥,2次追肥,基追比为1∶1.5
RF1	N 159 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 60 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 75 kg·hm^-2	P、K全部基施,氮肥1次基肥,1次追肥,基追比为1∶1
RF1+NS	N 159 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 60 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 75 kg·hm^-2+氮肥增效剂	P、K全部基施,氮肥1次基肥,1次追肥,基追比为1∶1
RF2	N 129 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 60 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 75 kg·hm^-2	P、K全部基施,氮肥1次基肥,2次追肥,基追比为1∶1
RF2+NS	N 129 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 60 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 75 kg·hm^-2+氮肥增效剂	P、K全部基施,氮肥1次基肥,2次追肥,基追比为1∶1

处理	养分投入			养分总输出量			盈余量
处理	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK	0	60	75	45.80±0.14 d	79.60±2.93 d	71.54±0.14 f	-45.80±0.14 f	-19.60±2.93 a	3.46±0.45 a
FP	189	60	75	87.92±1.60 ab	129.99±7.52 a	122.36±5.79 b	101.08±1.60 a	-69.99±7.52 d	-47.36±5.79 c
RF1	159	60	75	77.70±2.60 c	102.69±3.00 c	107.66±6.49 c	81.30±2.60 b	-42.69±3.00 b	-32.66±6.49 b
RF1+NS	159	60	75	92.42±0.72 a	119.68±6.49 ab	145.16±3.05 a	66.58±0.72 c	-59.68±6.49 cd	-70.16±3.05 d
RF2	129	60	75	76.49±2.14 c	114.60±4.94 bc	113.18±2.48 bc	52.51±2.41 d	-54.60±4.94 cd	-38.18±2.48 bc
RF2+NS	129	60	75	84.49±0.83 b	111.36±3.08 bc	106.00±4.07 c	44.51±0.83 e	-51.36±3.08 bc	-31.00±4.07 b

处理	养分投入			养分总输出量			盈余量
处理	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK	0	60	75	45.80±0.14 d	79.60±2.93 d	71.54±0.14 f	-45.80±0.14 f	-19.60±2.93 a	3.46±0.45 a
FP	189	60	75	87.92±1.60 ab	129.99±7.52 a	122.36±5.79 b	101.08±1.60 a	-69.99±7.52 d	-47.36±5.79 c
RF1	159	60	75	77.70±2.60 c	102.69±3.00 c	107.66±6.49 c	81.30±2.60 b	-42.69±3.00 b	-32.66±6.49 b
RF1+NS	159	60	75	92.42±0.72 a	119.68±6.49 ab	145.16±3.05 a	66.58±0.72 c	-59.68±6.49 cd	-70.16±3.05 d
RF2	129	60	75	76.49±2.14 c	114.60±4.94 bc	113.18±2.48 bc	52.51±2.41 d	-54.60±4.94 cd	-38.18±2.48 bc
RF2+NS	129	60	75	84.49±0.83 b	111.36±3.08 bc	106.00±4.07 c	44.51±0.83 e	-51.36±3.08 bc	-31.00±4.07 b

处理	氮肥表观回收率/%	氮收获指数
FP	23.20±0.84 bc	71.27±1.14 a
RF1	21.15±1.63 c	70.19±0.42 a
RF1+NS	30.41±0.45 a	71.54±0.11 a
RF2	25.13±1.66 b	71.30±1.68 a
RF2+SN	31.33±0.64 a	72.30±0.45 a