水稻灌浆期高温下钾肥运筹对籽粒灌浆及垩白的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221082

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确水稻灌浆期高温下钾肥运筹对籽粒灌浆及垩白的影响,本研究设置环境温度和灌浆期高温20 d 2个温度处理。并在不同温度下设置3种钾肥运筹方式,K1(基肥∶促花肥为10∶0)、K2(基肥∶促花肥为7∶3)和K3(基肥∶促花肥为3∶7),测定各处理下籽粒的灌浆进程和垩白。结果表明,灌浆期高温缩短籽粒活跃灌浆期,提前到达最大灌浆速率,提高花后15 d以内的灌浆速率,但花后15 d以后的灌浆速率迅速下降,降低花后20 d以后的灌浆速率,灌浆曲线起伏大,提高籽粒垩白米率和垩白度。在高温条件下,与K1相比,K2和K3均延长籽粒活跃灌浆期,推迟到达最大灌浆速率的时间,降低花后20 d以内的灌浆速率,缓解灌浆期高温对水稻造成的高温逼熟效应,且到达灌浆高峰后,灌浆速率下降更加平缓,灌浆速率下降较慢,提高花后20 d以后籽粒的灌浆速率,降低籽粒垩白的发生,并且垩白米率和垩白度随着促花肥比例的提高而降低。灌浆期高温下,虽然K3可以最大程度减少籽粒垩白的发生,但产量与K1无显著差异。因此,综合产量和品质,在水稻生产实践中,钾肥应按照基肥∶促花肥为7∶3比例施用,若灌浆期遭遇高温,可喷施磷酸二氢钾缓解高温胁迫的危害。

关键词: 水稻, 钾肥, 高温, 籽粒灌浆, 垩白

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effect of potassium fertilizer management on grain filling and chalkiness at high temperature during rice filling stage, in this study, two temperature treatments were set for 20 days at ambient temperature and high temperature during the grain filling stage. Three potassium fertilizer management methods were set up at different temperatures, K1 (10∶0 for basal fertilizer∶flower-promoting fertilizer), K2 (7∶3 for basal fertilizer∶flower-promoting fertilizer) and K3 (3∶7 for basal fertilizer∶flower-promoting fertilizer), and the grain filling process and chalkiness of grains under each treatment were determined. The results showed that the high temperature at the grain filling stage shortened the active grain filling stage, reached the maximum grain filling rate in advance, and increased the grain filling rate within 15 days after anthesis, but the grain filling rate decreased rapidly after 15 days after anthesis, and the grain filling rate decreased after 20 days after anthesis, and the grain filling curve fluctuated greatly, which increased the chalky rice rate and chalkiness of grains. Under high temperature conditions, compared with K1, K2 and K3 both prolonged the active grain filling period, delayed the time to reach the maximum grain filling rate, reduced the grain filling rate within 20 days after anthesis, and alleviated the effect of high temperature on rice during the grain filling stage, and after reaching the peak of grain filling, the grain filling rate decreased more gradually, and the grain filling rate decreased more slowly after 20 days after anthesis, and the occurrence of grain chalkiness was reduced, and the chalky rice rate and chalkiness decreased with the increase of the proportion of flowering fertilizer. Although K3 could minimize the occurrence of grain chalkiness at high temperature during grain filling stage, there was no significant difference in yield from K1. Therefore, in the practice of rice production, potassium fertilizer should be applied in accordance with the ratio of base fertilizer and flower-promoting fertilizer of 7∶3, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed to alleviate the harm of high temperature stress if the high temperature is encountered during the filling period.

Key words: rice, potassium fertilizer, high temperature, grain filling, chalkiness

中图分类号:

S511

李友发, 孙源泽, 董俊杰, 富昊伟, 张馨月. 水稻灌浆期高温下钾肥运筹对籽粒灌浆及垩白的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(1): 16-21.

LI Youfa, SUN Yuanze, DONG Junjie, FU Haowei, ZHANG Xinyue. Effects of potassium fertilizer management on grain filling and chalkiness of rice under high temperature during grain filling stage[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(1): 16-21.

图/表 6

参考文献 22

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年份	温度	钾肥运筹	千粒重/ g	R²	R₀	D/d	T_max/d	G_max/ (g·d^-1)	G_mean/ (g·d^-1)
2019	环境温度	K1	27.08	9.999 3	0.204	32.29	13.97	1.25	0.83
		K2	27.92	9.999 5	0.177	33.13	15.00	1.27	0.84
		K3	27.69	9.998 6	0.168	32.89	15.39	1.27	0.84
	高温	K1	25.74	9.998 3	0.249	27.95	12.53	1.37	0.92
		K2	26.22	9.999 7	0.219	29.19	13.15	1.34	0.90
		K3	27.33	9.999 9	0.200	31.07	13.58	1.32	0.88
2020	环境温度	K1	26.66	9.999 3	0.260	29.92	12.57	1.33	0.89
		K2	27.52	9.996 6	0.253	30.41	13.19	1.35	0.90
		K3	27.27	9.998 7	0.227	30.34	13.71	1.35	0.90
	高温	K1	25.11	9.998 3	0.235	27.27	11.86	1.38	0.92
		K2	25.63	9.999 5	0.244	28.14	12.45	1.36	0.91
		K3	26.38	9.998 2	0.226	29.50	12.52	1.34	0.89

年份	温度	钾肥运筹	千粒重/ g	R²	R₀	D/d	T_max/d	G_max/ (g·d^-1)	G_mean/ (g·d^-1)
2019	环境温度	K1	27.08	9.999 3	0.204	32.29	13.97	1.25	0.83
		K2	27.92	9.999 5	0.177	33.13	15.00	1.27	0.84
		K3	27.69	9.998 6	0.168	32.89	15.39	1.27	0.84
	高温	K1	25.74	9.998 3	0.249	27.95	12.53	1.37	0.92
		K2	26.22	9.999 7	0.219	29.19	13.15	1.34	0.90
		K3	27.33	9.999 9	0.200	31.07	13.58	1.32	0.88
2020	环境温度	K1	26.66	9.999 3	0.260	29.92	12.57	1.33	0.89
		K2	27.52	9.996 6	0.253	30.41	13.19	1.35	0.90
		K3	27.27	9.998 7	0.227	30.34	13.71	1.35	0.90
	高温	K1	25.11	9.998 3	0.235	27.27	11.86	1.38	0.92
		K2	25.63	9.999 5	0.244	28.14	12.45	1.36	0.91
		K3	26.38	9.998 2	0.226	29.50	12.52	1.34	0.89

年份	钾肥运筹	垩白米率/%		垩白度/%
年份	钾肥运筹	环境温度	高温	环境温度	高温
2019	K1	20.70±0.69 a	55.90±0.28 a	6.12±0.26 a	28.18±0.90 a
	K2	19.28±0.34 b	53.77±0.24 b	5.49±0.40 b	27.30±0.52 b
	K3	19.05±0.22 b	50.41±0.26 c	5.36±0.16 b	26.11±0.65 c
2020	K1	23.66±0.22 a	59.51±0.99 a	7.97±0.38 a	36.80±1.12 a
	K2	21.92±0.23 b	55.17±1.06 b	7.20±0.23 b	34.51±0.82 b
	K3	22.07±0.33 b	53.11±1.15 c	7.06±0.13 b	33.80±0.80 c

年份	钾肥运筹	垩白米率/%		垩白度/%
年份	钾肥运筹	环境温度	高温	环境温度	高温
2019	K1	20.70±0.69 a	55.90±0.28 a	6.12±0.26 a	28.18±0.90 a
	K2	19.28±0.34 b	53.77±0.24 b	5.49±0.40 b	27.30±0.52 b
	K3	19.05±0.22 b	50.41±0.26 c	5.36±0.16 b	26.11±0.65 c
2020	K1	23.66±0.22 a	59.51±0.99 a	7.97±0.38 a	36.80±1.12 a
	K2	21.92±0.23 b	55.17±1.06 b	7.20±0.23 b	34.51±0.82 b
	K3	22.07±0.33 b	53.11±1.15 c	7.06±0.13 b	33.80±0.80 c

特征参数	R₀	D	T_max	G_max	G_mean	垩白米率
D	-0.472 6
T_max	-0.459 1	0.428 5
V_max	0.510 6	-0.538 9^**	-0.889 8^**
V_mean	0.522 4	-0.943 8^**	-0.882 6^**	0.995 3^**
垩白米率	0.308 1	-0.775 6^**	-0.691 6^*	0.503 3	0.494 3
垩白度	0.318 6	-0.783 7^**	-0.714 7^**	0.502 5	0.482 9	0.984 1^**