浙江农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (2): 301-306.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221234

• 经济作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

外源物质对上部烟叶产质量的影响

李波()   

  1. 浙江中烟工业有限责任公司,浙江 杭州 310000
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-26 出版日期:2024-02-11 发布日期:2024-02-28
  • 作者简介:李波(1982—),男,浙江杭州人,烟叶技师,本科,研究方向为烟草种植,E-mail:41518280@qq.com

Effect of exogenous substances on yield and quality of upper tobacco leaves

Bo LI()   

  1. China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang
  • Received:2022-12-26 Online:2024-02-11 Published:2024-02-28

摘要:

为促进南平烤烟上部烟叶开片,降低烟碱含量,提高糖碱比,改善化学成分协调性,减小刺激性,提高烤烟上部烟叶品质和可用性。本试验以当地主栽品种云烟87为试验材料,研究喷施植物生长调节剂芸苔素内酯(BL)以及氯吡苯脲(KT-30)对烟株生长发育及烤后上部烟叶产质量的影响,为改善烟株个体和群体结构、促进上部烟叶开片、提高上部叶可用性提供技术依据。通过大田试验,采用随机区组设计,共设置7个处理,即CK,清水;T1,芸苔素内酯(BL)5 mg·L-1;T2,芸苔素内酯(BL)10 mg·L-1;T3,芸苔素内酯(BL)20 mg·L-1;T4,氯吡苯脲(KT-30)25 mg·L-1;T5,氯吡苯脲(KT-30)50 mg·L-1;T6,氯吡苯脲(KT-30)75 mg·L-1,各处理均为3次重复。结果表明,喷施一定浓度的氯吡苯脲可促进上部烟叶开片,增加上部烟叶面积,而芸苔素内酯阻碍上部烟叶开片;喷施一定浓度的氯吡苯脲和芸苔素内酯可提升烟叶的成熟度,提高烟叶的外观质量;喷施氯吡苯脲、芸苔素内酯对烟叶的感官质量均有明显的提升,其中以T2和T6处理最高,均为61.80分,比对照高3.80分;喷施一定浓度的氯吡苯脲和芸苔素内酯可降低上部烟叶烟碱含量,提升糖碱比,提高钾含量,协调常规化学成分,改善烟叶吃味;喷施氯吡苯脲可明显提升上部烟叶产量、产值以及上等烟比例,其中以T4和T6处理产量和产值最高。综合而言,喷施氯吡苯脲对烟叶各方面的提升要优于芸苔素内酯,其中以T6处理喷施75 mg·L-1氯吡苯脲效果最好。

关键词: 外源物质, 植物生长调节剂, 上部烟叶, 产质量

Abstract:

In order to promote the opening of upper tobacco leaves of Nanping flue-cured tobacco, reduce the nicotine content, increase the sugar-base ratio, improve the coordination of chemical components, reduce irritation, and improve the quality and availability of upper tobacco leaves, the main local cultivar Yunyan 87 was used as the experimental material to study the effects of plant growth regulator brassinolide (BL) and forchlorfenuron (KT-30) on the growth and development of tobacco plants and the yield and quality of upper tobacco leaves after toiling, providing technical basis for improving the individual and population structure of tobacco plants, promoting the opening of upper tobacco leaves and improving the availability of upper leaves. Through the field test, a random block design was adopted, 7 treatments were set up, namely CK, spraying water; T1, brassinolide (BL) 5 mg·L-1; T2, brassinolide (BL) 10 mg·L-1; T3, brassinolide (BL) 20 mg·L-1; T4, forchlorfenuron (KT-30) 25 mg·L-1; T5, forchlorfenuron (KT-30) 50 mg·L-1; T6, forchlorfenuron (KT-30) 75 mg·L-1, each treatment was repeated for 3 times. The results showed that spraying a certain concentration of clopifenuron could promote the opening of the upper tobacco leaves and increase the area of the upper tobacco leaves, while brassinolide hindered the opening of the upper tobacco leaves. Spraying a certain concentration of clopifenuron and brassinolide can improve the maturity and appearance quality of tobacco leaves. The sensory quality of tobacco leaves was significantly improved by spraying forchlorfenuron and brassinolide, among which T2 and T6 treatments had the highest score of 61.80 points, 3.80 points higher than the control. Spraying a certain concentration of forchlorfenuron and brassinolide could reduce the nicotine content, increase the sugar-base ratio, increase the potassium content, coordinate the conventional chemical components, and improve the taste of tobacco leaves. The production and output value of the upper part and the proportion of high-grade tobacco can be significantly increased by spraying forchlorfenuron, among which the production and output value of T4 and T6 treatments are the highest. In conclusion, forchlorfenuron spraying was superior to brassinolide in all aspects of tobacco leaf improvement, and T6 treatment with 75 mg·L-1 forchlorfenuron spraying had the best effect.

Key words: exogenous substances, plant growth regulator, upper tobacco leaf, yield and quality

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