红火蚁雄蛹的发育过程及其形态变化

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230707

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta)是一种危害性极强的入侵生物,但其蛹的详细发育过程并不清楚。本文通过显微观察详细研究了红火蚁幼虫化蛹、雄蛹发育及雄成虫羽化的整个过程及其形态变化。化蛹前幼虫腹部两侧及端部变扁,形成裙边一样的透明结构。幼虫化蛹分为4个阶段,第一阶段虫体呈圆筒形,蛹头部和前胸明显分化;第二阶段附肢开始发育,胸腹连接处向内缢缩;第三阶段腹部分节明显,呈现出蛹形态;第四阶段幼虫蜕皮化蛹。雄蛹发育分为7个阶段,第一阶段为新化蛹;第二阶段复眼和单眼黑色;第三阶段腹部(除结节)灰色;第四阶段头、胸部灰棕色,腹部深灰色;第五阶段头、胸部深灰色,颜色弱于复眼,腹部灰黑色;第六阶段足跗节及触角端半部浅红棕色,其余灰褐色;第七阶段蛹(除翅膀)完全黑化,即将羽化。成虫羽化分为身体蜕皮期和展翅期两个阶段。本研究结果将为进一步研究红火蚁生殖发育及其分子机制奠定基础。

关键词: 红火蚁, 雄性, 四龄幼虫, 化蛹, 羽化, 形态特征

Abstract:

Imported red fire ant Solenopsis invicta is a harmful invasive pest, but its pupal development is not clear. In this study, the pupation of larvae, the development of male pupae and the emergence of male adults were studied by microscopic observation. Lateral and terminal parts of the abdomen became flat in the larva before pupation, forming a skirt-like structure. The pupation of larvae is divided into four phases. In the phaseⅠ, the larvae body is cylindrical, but the pupal head and prothorax are visiable. In the phase Ⅱ, pupal appendages begin to develop, and the part between thorax and abdomen constricts inward. In the phase Ⅲ, the body presents the pupal shape and abdominal segments are obvious. In the phase Ⅳ, larvae molt and pupate. The development of male pupae is divided into seven phases. The first phase is the new pupa. In the second phase, compound eyes and ocelli become black. In the third phase, the abdomen (excluding nodules) become gray. In the fourth phase, the head and the thorax are grayish brown, and the abdomen was dark gray. In the fifth phase, the head and the thorax are dark gray, but the compound eyes and abdomen are black. In the sixth phase, tarsi and most antennal segments are light reddish brown, and the others are taupe. In the seventh phase, pupae (except wings) are completely chitinzed and are ready for the emergence. The emergence of male adult is divided into two phases, the ecdysis of pupae and the spreading of wings. Our results will lay a foundation for further study on the morphology and reproductive development of imported red fire ant.

Key words: imported red fire ants, male, fourth instar larvae, pupation, emergence, morphological characters

中图分类号:

S433

高梦悦, 黄昱轲, 郑淇元, 冯波. 红火蚁雄蛹的发育过程及其形态变化[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(2): 390-394.

Mengyue GAO, Yuke HUANG, Qiyuan ZHENG, Bo FENG. Development and morphological characteristics of male pupae in imported red fire ant Solenopsis invicta[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(2): 390-394.

图/表 4

图1 红火蚁化蛹前幼虫 A—幼虫侧面,蓝色线条范围为幼虫头部,绿色线条范围为幼虫胸部,白色线条范围为幼虫腹部;B—幼虫腹面; 图中竖线为2 mm比例尺。

Fig.1 The larvae of the red fire ants before pupation

图2 红火蚁幼虫的化蛹过程 A~B—第一阶段;C~D—第二阶段;E—第三阶段;F~H—第四阶段;I—红火蚁蛹;图B和图D为腹面观, 其余图片为侧面观;图中竖线为2 mm比例尺。

Fig.2 Pupation of fourth instar larvae of red fire ants

图3 红火蚁雄蛹的发育过程(侧面观) A—第一阶段;B—第二阶段;C—第三阶段;D—第四阶段;E—第五阶段;F—第六阶段;G—第七阶段;图中竖线为2 mm比例尺。

Fig.3 The development of male pupae of red fire ants (lateral view)

图4 雄性红火蚁的羽化过程 A—蜕皮期(侧面观);B—展翅期(背面观); C—雄蚁(背面观); 图中竖线为2 mm比例尺。

Fig.4 Eclosion of male red fire ants

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