促进梨树萌芽抽枝的研究进展

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230723

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

促进萌芽抽枝是梨栽培过程中的一项重要技术措施。枝条的抽生既受到品种差异、外源激素使用等分子与化学因素的影响,又与肥水管理、修剪手法等栽培技术紧密相关。目前,关于促进梨萌芽抽枝的栽培管理技术和分子调控已有报道,但有关梨树萌芽抽枝的系统论述,尤其是深入的分子研究报道较少。本文总结了影响梨树萌芽抽枝的主要因素,包括梨芽特性和萌芽抽枝的品种因素,以及刻芽、修剪、截干、环割、摘心、拉枝、疏花、疏果等物理因素和不同激素与处理的化学因素。综述了几十年来促进梨树的萌芽抽枝栽培技术与管理、激素使用和相关分子研究进展,并对梨树萌芽抽枝的研究进行了展望,以期为梨树整形修剪与丰产稳产提供参考。

关键词: 梨树, 萌芽与抽枝, 枝条更新, 潜伏芽, 萌促措施, 研究进展

Abstract:

Promoting sprouting and branching is an important technical measure in pear cultivation. The emergence of branches is influenced by both variety differences and the use of exogenous hormones. The influence of molecular and chemical factors is closely related to cultivation techniques such as fertilizer and water management and pruning techniques. Currently, regarding the cultivation of promoting pear sprouting and branching, management techniques and molecular regulation have been reported, but there are few systematic discussions on pear tree sprouting and branching, especially in-depth molecular research reports. This article summarized the main factors affecting the sprouting and branching of pear trees include the characteristics of pear buds and the characters of sprouting and branching, and the physical factors of bud-notching, pruning, cutting-off, girdling, pinching, branch bending, flower thinning, fruit thinning, as well as chemical factors related to different hormones and treatments. This article reviews the cultivation techniques for promoting the germination and branching of pear trees over the past few decades, including the progress in management, hormone use, and related molecular research, and prospects for research on pear tree sprouting and branching, with the aim of promoting pear tree shaping and pruning, as well as ensuring high and stable yields.

Key words: pear trees, sprouting and branching, branch renewal, latent bud, promotion measures, research progress

中图分类号:

S661.2

刘春晓, 蒋贤达, 李慧, 阚家亮, 王中华, 李晓刚. 促进梨树萌芽抽枝的研究进展[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(1): 117-124.

LIU Chunxiao, JIANG Xianda, LI Hui, KAN Jialiang, WANG Zhonghua, LI Xiaogang. Research progress on promoting sprouting and branching of pear[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(1): 117-124.

图/表 1

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年份	范围	总面积/ (万hm²)	单株产量/ (kg·hm^-2)	总产量/ 万t
2018	中国	94.9	17 072.6	1 619.66
	世界	138.3	17 156.6	2 372.10
2019	中国	96.1	18 104.1	1 740.50
	世界	138.2	17 557.2	2 426.70
2020	中国	96.7	18 522.9	1 791.70
	世界	138.8	18 008.2	2 498.60
2021	中国	98.7	19 238.3	1 897.80
	世界	140.0	18 334.4	2 565.90

年份	范围	总面积/ (万hm²)	单株产量/ (kg·hm^-2)	总产量/ 万t
2018	中国	94.9	17 072.6	1 619.66
	世界	138.3	17 156.6	2 372.10
2019	中国	96.1	18 104.1	1 740.50
	世界	138.2	17 557.2	2 426.70
2020	中国	96.7	18 522.9	1 791.70
	世界	138.8	18 008.2	2 498.60
2021	中国	98.7	19 238.3	1 897.80
	世界	140.0	18 334.4	2 565.90