烟草镰刀菌根腐病根际土壤微生物群落结构及多样性

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230902

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究烟草镰刀菌根腐病对根际土壤微生物群落结构及多样性的影响,探讨其与烟草病害发生的关系,为防治病害的发生提供理论依据。利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,比较健康株与病株烟草根际土壤微生物群落结构及多样性差异。镰刀菌根腐病使烟株根际土壤真菌种类的丰富程度和种群多样化发生改变,病株根际土壤真菌的辛普森指数、ACE和Chao1等指标均低于健康株;病株和健康株根际土壤微生物种群的优势种群具有明显差异。与对照相比,门水平上,病株绿弯菌门、浮霉菌门、芽单胞菌门和酸杆菌门的相对丰度降低,变形菌门的相对丰度增加;属水平上,细菌属有益菌属链霉菌属、土壤红杆菌属、加氏菌属相对丰度降低。烟草植株根际土壤中真菌群落结构改变及物种多样性降低是烟草镰刀菌根腐病发生的重要特征,为该病害的早期预防提供一定的理论依据。

关键词: 烟草, 镰刀菌根腐病, 根际微生物, 高通量测序

Abstract:

To study the effects of root rot caused by Fusarium on the microbial community structure and diversity of tobacco rhizosphere soil, and to explore the relationship between root rot caused by Fusarium and the occurrence of tobacco diseases, so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of tobacco diseases, Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure and diversity between healthy and diseased tobacco plants. The species richness and population diversity of rhizosphere soil fungi were changed by Fusarium root rot. Simpson, ACE and Chaol indexes of rhizosphere soil fungi of diseased tobacco plants were lower than those of healthy tobacco plants. There were significant differences in the dominant species of rhizosphere soil microbial populations between diseased and healthy plants. Compared with the healthy plants, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Chloroflexi, Planctomycetota and Gemmatimonadota decreased, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased.At the genus level, the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Streptomyces, Solirubrobacter and Gaiella decreased. The change of fungal community structure and the decrease of species diversity in the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants are important characteristics of root rot of tobacco caused by Fusarium, and provide a theoretical basis for the early prevention of the disease.

Key words: tobacco, root rot caused by Fusarium, rhizosphere microorganisms, high-throughput sequencing

中图分类号:

S572

何晓冰, 黄昆鹏, 李俊营, 卜亚艇, 赵浪, 王明鑫, 张富生, 阴广宇, 杨楠, 许跃奇. 烟草镰刀菌根腐病根际土壤微生物群落结构及多样性[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(2): 411-420.

HE Xiaobing, HUANG Kunpeng, LI Junying, BU Yating, ZHAO Lang, WANG Mingxin, ZHANG Fusheng, YIN Guangyu, YANG Nan, XU Yueqi. Structure and diversity of microbial community in rhizosphere soil of tobacco root rot caused by Fusarium[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(2): 411-420.

图/表 9

图1 土壤微生物细菌和真菌稀释曲线

Fig.1 Dilution curves of soil bacteria and fungi

表1 烟草根际土壤细菌、真菌群落α多样性指数

Table 1 α diversity index of bacterial and fungal communities in tobacco rhizosphere soil

分类	处理	Shannon指数	辛普森指数	ACE指数	Chao1指数	覆盖度指数/%
细菌	T1	6.98 a	0.002 a	5 273.226 b	5 220.453 a	96.5
	CK1	6.96 a	0.002 a	5 143.444 b	5 089.587 b	96.6
	T2	7.02 a	0.002 a	5 367.988 b	5 304.734 a	96.5
	CK2	6.99 a	0.002 a	5 600.059 a	5 397.595 a	96.4
真菌	T1	4.74 a	0.021 b	891.321 b	898.463 b	99.6
	CK1	4.63 a	0.030 a	1 023.278 a	1 016.416 a	99.7
	T2	4.70 a	0.022 b	862.879 b	870.325 b	99.7
	CK2	4.60 a	0.026 a	892.855 b	888.187 b	99.5

图2 微生物细菌(左)和真菌(右)的Venn分析

Fig.2 Venn analysis of bacteria (left) and fungi (right)

图3 烟草根际土壤门水平细菌(左)和真菌(右)的相对丰度

Fig.3 Relative abundance of bacteria (left) and fungi (right) at the phylum level of tobacco rhizosphere soil

图4 根际土壤属水平细菌(左)和真菌(右)的相对丰度

Fig.4 Relative abundance of bacteria (left) and fungi (right) at the genus level of tobacco in rhizosphere soil

图5 烟草根际土壤细菌的PCoA/NMDS分析结果

Fig.5 PCoA/NMDS analysis results of bacteria in tobacco rhizosphere soil

图6 烟草根际土壤真菌的PCoA/NMDS分析结果

Fig.6 PCoA/NMDS analysis results of fungi in tobacco rhizosphere soil

表2 土壤理化性质

Table 2 Physicochemical properties of soils

处理	pH值	有机质含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1)
T1	8.17±0.07 b	1.48±0.02 b	74.12±0.05 a	7.87±0.14 a	28.85±0.15 c
CK1	7.81±0.06 b	1.63±0.05 a	60.35±0.15 b	7.78±0.14 a	31.80±1.45 b
T2	8.49±0.07 a	1.28±0.02 b	67.13±5.27 a	6.63±0.07 b	35.11±1.40 a
CK2	8.09±0.08 b	1.08±0.01 c	59.59±0.15 b	4.66±0.15 c	30.93±0.15 b

图7 烟草根际土壤细菌(左)和真菌(右)群落相关性热图 pH、AN、OM、AP、AK分别表示土壤pH值、碱解氮含量、有机质含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量;“*”表示显著相关(P<0.05);“**”表示极显著相关(P<0.01);“***”表示极显著相关(P<0.001)。

Fig.7 Heat maps of bacteria (left) and fungi (right) communities in tobacco rhizosphere soil

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