徐淮地区潮土环境下玉米养分利用研究

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240130

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究潮土环境下玉米对氮、磷、钾肥的利用率,本项目研究了当地主栽玉米品种金玉168在8种施肥措施处理下的养分利用情况及产量品质表现。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,常规施肥无氮处理显著降低玉米籽粒、秸秆和土壤中总氮含量,常规施肥无磷处理显著降低玉米籽粒、秸秆和土壤中总磷含量,常规施肥无钾处理显著降低玉米籽粒、秸秆和土壤中钾含量,氮磷钾肥的缺失降低玉米籽粒和秸秆产量。与常规施肥相比,配方施肥玉米的籽粒产量提高0.78%,秸秆产量提高4.78%。配方施肥处理磷、钾肥的利用率比常规施肥处理分别提高了17.32、13.28百分点。

关键词: 玉米, 潮土, 常规施肥, 配方施肥, 氮磷钾肥利用率

Abstract:

In order to explore the use efficiency of maize to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers under fluvo-aquic soil environment, this study investigated the nutrient use and yield and quality performance of Jinyu 168, a local main maize variety, were studied under eight fertilization measures. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization, conventional fertilization without nitrogen significantly reduced the total nitrogen content in maize grains, straw and soil, conventional fertilization without phosphorus treatment significantly reduced the total phosphorus content in maize grains, straw and soil, conventional fertilization without potassium treatment significantly reduced the potassium content in maize grains, straw and soil, and the lack of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer reduced the yield of maize and straw. Compared with conventional fertilization, the maize yield was increased by 0.78% and the straw yield was increased by 4.78% in formula fertilization treatment. The utilization rates of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the formula fertilization treatment were 17.32 and 13.28 percentage points higher than those in the conventional fertilization treatment, respectively.

Key words: maize, fluvo-aquic soil, conventional fertilization, formula fertilization, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer utilization

中图分类号:

S513

耿晓月, 赵平, 王维, 董韦, 苏涵, 张巧凤, 侯会, 徐振. 徐淮地区潮土环境下玉米养分利用研究[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(12): 2845-2850.

GENG Xiaoyue, ZHAO Ping, WANG Wei, DONG Wei, SU Han, ZHANG Qiaofeng, HOU Hui, XU Zhen. Study on nutrient utilization of maize under tidal soil environment in Xuhuai area[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(12): 2845-2850.

图/表 5

参考文献 14

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处理	穗粗/ mm	穗长/ mm	百粒重/ g	667 m²产量/ kg
常规施肥	51.57±1.11 a	18.00±0.19 a	33.08±0.66 bc	586.78±12.25 a
常规施肥无氮	51.25±1.08 ab	16.85±0.69 b	32.41±0.26 c	545.14±10.74 bc
常规施肥无磷	50.18±0.80 ab	17.89±0.45 a	32.53±0.51 bc	548.10±15.27 bc
常规施肥无钾	49.67±0.94 ab	16.62±0.31 b	30.97±0.62 d	537.23±27.45 bc
配方施肥	51.31±1.01 ab	18.01±0.43 a	35.58±0.34 a	591.33±20.22 a
配方施肥无氮	49.49±0.16 b	16.92±0.35 b	33.28±0.38 bc	527.35±15.98 c
配方施肥无磷	49.47±1.28 b	17.88±0.64 a	32.88±0.32 bc	563.28±25.87 abc
配方施肥无钾	50.90±0.71 ab	17.45±0.34 ab	33.49±0.84 b	566.87±12.52 ab

处理	穗粗/ mm	穗长/ mm	百粒重/ g	667 m²产量/ kg
常规施肥	51.57±1.11 a	18.00±0.19 a	33.08±0.66 bc	586.78±12.25 a
常规施肥无氮	51.25±1.08 ab	16.85±0.69 b	32.41±0.26 c	545.14±10.74 bc
常规施肥无磷	50.18±0.80 ab	17.89±0.45 a	32.53±0.51 bc	548.10±15.27 bc
常规施肥无钾	49.67±0.94 ab	16.62±0.31 b	30.97±0.62 d	537.23±27.45 bc
配方施肥	51.31±1.01 ab	18.01±0.43 a	35.58±0.34 a	591.33±20.22 a
配方施肥无氮	49.49±0.16 b	16.92±0.35 b	33.28±0.38 bc	527.35±15.98 c
配方施肥无磷	49.47±1.28 b	17.88±0.64 a	32.88±0.32 bc	563.28±25.87 abc
配方施肥无钾	50.90±0.71 ab	17.45±0.34 ab	33.49±0.84 b	566.87±12.52 ab

处理	粗蛋白含量/ (g·kg^-1)	总氮含量/ (g·kg^-1)	总磷含量/ (g·kg^-1)	总钾含量/ (g·kg^-1)
常规施肥	98.41±6.58 ab	12.16±0.32 ab	3.46±0.25 ab	6.73±0.06 a
常规施肥无氮	85.34±2.25 c	11.25±0.08 c	3.34±0.16 abc	6.60±0.10 ab
常规施肥无磷	95.06±3.09 abc	12.08±0.41 ab	2.91±0.07 d	6.53±0.15 ab
常规施肥无钾	96.06±3.00 abc	12.04±0.23 abc	3.18±0.10 c	5.83±0.23 c
配方施肥	100.34±3.31 a	12.04±0.08 abc	3.54±0.07 a	6.80±0.10 a
配方施肥无氮	87.28±8.00 bc	11.57±0.36 bc	3.47±0.07 ab	6.77±0.31 a
配方施肥无磷	98.78±3.14 a	12.60±0.40 a	3.28±0.09 bc	6.60±0.10 ab
配方施肥无钾	105.66±2.17 a	12.49±0.40 a	3.42±0.02 abc	6.27±0.15 b

处理	粗蛋白含量/ (g·kg^-1)	总氮含量/ (g·kg^-1)	总磷含量/ (g·kg^-1)	总钾含量/ (g·kg^-1)
常规施肥	98.41±6.58 ab	12.16±0.32 ab	3.46±0.25 ab	6.73±0.06 a
常规施肥无氮	85.34±2.25 c	11.25±0.08 c	3.34±0.16 abc	6.60±0.10 ab
常规施肥无磷	95.06±3.09 abc	12.08±0.41 ab	2.91±0.07 d	6.53±0.15 ab
常规施肥无钾	96.06±3.00 abc	12.04±0.23 abc	3.18±0.10 c	5.83±0.23 c
配方施肥	100.34±3.31 a	12.04±0.08 abc	3.54±0.07 a	6.80±0.10 a
配方施肥无氮	87.28±8.00 bc	11.57±0.36 bc	3.47±0.07 ab	6.77±0.31 a
配方施肥无磷	98.78±3.14 a	12.60±0.40 a	3.28±0.09 bc	6.60±0.10 ab
配方施肥无钾	105.66±2.17 a	12.49±0.40 a	3.42±0.02 abc	6.27±0.15 b

处理	667 m²产量/ kg	总氮含量/ (g·kg^-1)	总磷含量/ (g·kg^-1)	总钾含量/ (g·kg^-1)
常规施肥	591.76±22.08 ab	10.04±0.85 a	2.49±0.18 a	11.67±0.38 ab
常规施肥无氮	514.19±32.25 d	7.98±0.28 b	2.38±0.09 ab	11.47±0.72 b
常规施肥无磷	568.38±15.57 abc	9.66±0.20 a	2.17±0.04 b	11.53±0.31 b
常规施肥无钾	524.40±36.72 cd	10.02±0.31 a	2.42±0.21 ab	10.43±0.38 c
配方施肥	620.06±23.74 a	10.64±0.79 a	2.60±0.14 a	12.43±0.21 a
配方施肥无氮	542.89±28.07 bcd	8.07±0.33 b	2.50±0.16 a	12.37±0.15 a
配方施肥无磷	592.33±22.17 ab	9.46±0.31 a	2.20±0.09 b	12.37±0.40 a
配方施肥无钾	581.48±24.28 ab	10.22±0.59 a	2.44±0.12 ab	11.67±0.47 ab