大口黑鲈稻田嵌入流水槽养殖效果研究

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240477

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为分析大口黑鲈稻田嵌入流水槽养殖模式的养殖效果,评价其生态和经济效益,该研究在湖州市吴兴区构建了两种养殖模式(LK组和XK组)。通过监测种养过程中大口黑鲈生长情况、水质状况、种养前后稻田土壤变化,并对其产量和经济效益进行评估,构建了适宜的养殖模式。结果显示,LK组大口黑鲈的生长速度慢于XK组,但两组收获规格的差异不大;LK组和XK组流水槽内的水体总氮含量、总磷含量和化学需氧量(COD)含量均高于环沟内的水体,经过种养后,LK组稻田土壤总氮含量从(1.60±0.15)g·kg^-1降至(1.12±0.05)g·kg^-1,总磷含量从(0.54±0.05)g·kg^-1降至(0.11±0.02)g·kg^-1;XK组稻田土壤总氮含量从(1.52±0.13)g·kg^-1降至(1.05±0.06)g·kg^-1,总磷含量从(0.47±0.03)g·kg^-1降至(0.06±0.02)g·kg^-1。但腐殖质总含量及肥力均有所提升,LK组肥料减量37.5%~53.1%,XK组肥料减量50.1%~62.5%,且两组均未使用农药。LK组每667 m²的利润为5 680.9元,低于XK组(每667 m² 7 902.6元)。因此,大口黑鲈稻田嵌入流水槽是集经济和生态为一体的优质稻渔种养模式。适宜的具体模式为:于4月中下旬每667 m²放养大口黑鲈鱼种计1.0万~1.5万尾,于6月上旬播种晚稻甬优1540。流水槽和稻田最佳面积配比为单条流水槽至少配6 667.0 m²稻田。

关键词: 大口黑鲈, 稻渔种养, 嵌入式流水槽, 养殖效果

Abstract:

To analyze the aquaculture effect of embedded raceway aquaculture for Micropterus salmoides in rice fields and evaluate its ecological and economic benefits, two aquaculture models (LK group and XK group) were constructed in this study in Wuxing District, Huzhou City. By monitoring the growth and water quality of Micropterus salmoides during the breeding process, as well as changes in paddy soil before and after cultivation, and evaluating yield and economic benefits, a suitable aquaculture model was constructed. The results showed that the growth rate of Micropterus salmoides in the LK group was slower than that in the XK group, but there was no significant difference in harvest specifications. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and COD levels in the water within the LK and XK group raceways were higher than those in the surrounding ditch. After cultivation, the total nitrogen content in the LK group paddy soil decreased from (1.60±0.15)g·kg^-1 to (1.12±0.05)g·kg^-1, and the total phosphorus content decreased from (0.54±0.05)g·kg^-1 to (0.11±0.02)g·kg^-1; The total nitrogen content of paddy soil in the XK group decreased from (1.52±0.13)g·kg^-1 to (1.05±0.06)g·kg^-1, and the total phosphorus content decreased from (0.47±0.03)g·kg^-1 to (0.06±0.02)g·kg^-1. However, the total amount of humus and fertility both increased. The LK group reduced fertilizer by 37.5%-53.1%, while the XK group reduced fertilizer by 50.1%-62.5%. Both groups did not use pesticides. The profit of the LK group was 5 680.9 yuan per 667 m², significantly lower than the XK group (7 902.6 yuan per 667 m²). Therefore, Micropterus salmoides rice field embedded raceway aquaculture is a high-quality rice fishing model that integrates economy and ecology. The suitable mode is to release 10 000 to 15 000 Micropterus salmoides species in mid to late April, and sow the late rice variety Yongyou 1540 in early June. The optimal area ratio is at least 6 667.0 m² of rice paddies on a single raceway.

Key words: Micropterus salmoides, rice fishing and breeding, embedded raceway, culture effect

中图分类号:

S962.35

周聃, 张金鹏, 刘梅, 胡大雁, 原居林, 周志金. 大口黑鲈稻田嵌入流水槽养殖效果研究[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(2): 475-482.

ZHOU Dan, ZHANG Jinpeng, LIU Mei, HU Dayan, YUAN Julin, ZHOU Zhijin. Study on the effect of embedded raceway aquaculture for Micropterus salmoides in rice fields[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(2): 475-482.

图/表 10

参考文献 25

[1]	陈欣, 唐建军, 胡亮亮. 生态型种养结合原理与实践[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2019.
[2]	BASHIR M A, LIU J, GENG Y, et al. Co-culture of rice and aquatic animals: an integrated system to achieve production and environmental sustainability[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 249: 119310.
[3]	王强盛. 稻田种养结合循环农业温室气体排放的调控与机制[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2018, 26(5): 633-642.
[4]	孟顺龙, 胡庚东, 李丹丹, 等. 稻渔综合种养技术研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018, 34(2): 146-152.
[5]	唐建军, 李巍, 吕修涛, 等. 中国稻渔综合种养产业的发展现状与若干思考[J]. 中国稻米, 2020, 26(5): 1-10.
[6]	隆斌庆, 陈灿, 黄璜, 等. 稻田生态种养的发展现状与前景分析[J]. 作物研究, 2017, 31(6): 607-612.
[7]	王裕玉, 徐跑, 聂志娟, 等. 池塘工程化循环水养殖模式下养殖密度对大口黑鲈生长性能和生理指标的影响[J]. 淡水渔业, 2019, 49(3): 90-95.
[8]	马立鸣, 赵睿, 范毛毛, 等. 新型池塘循环流水养殖模式初探[J]. 中国水产, 2016(1): 78-83.
[9]	BROWN T W, HANSON T R, CHAPPELL J A, et al. Economic feasibility of an in-pond raceway system for commercial catfish production in west Alabama[J]. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 2014, 76(1): 79-89.
[10]	BROWN T W, CHAPPELL J A, BOYD C E. A commercial-scale, in-pond raceway system for Ictalurid catfish production[J]. Aquacultural Engineering, 2011, 44(3): 72-79.
[11]	王亮, 贾春艳, 黄军红. 宁夏灵武市稻田集成流水槽综合种养技术研究与示范[J]. 中国水产, 2019(1): 100-103.
[12]	李斌, 张朝阳, 白富瑾, 等. 稻田镶嵌流水槽生态循环综合种养模式研究[J]. 中国水产, 2019(2): 71-74.
[13]	马秀玲, 魏春丽, 等.刘著, 贺兰县稻田镶嵌流水设施高质量绿色生产技术试验[J]. 渔业致富指南, 2021(13): 30-33.
[14]	何春梅, 王飞, 黄毅斌, 等. 紫云英翻压条件下化肥减施对黄泥田水稻产量与土壤肥力的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(6): 1070-1081.
[15]	刘梅, 原居林, 倪蒙, 等. 大口黑鲈不同养殖模式氮磷收支及养殖效果研究[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2021, 52(3): 718-728.
[16]	陈柏湘. 稻田对池塘养殖废水的净化研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2009.
[17]	胡晨昊. 大口黑鲈正反季节人工繁殖及雌雄生长差异研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2023.
[18]	肖烨, 黄志刚, 武海涛, 等. 三江平原4种典型湿地土壤碳氮分布差异和微生物特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(10): 2847-2854.
[19]	马良, 徐仁扣. 不同耕种年限红壤性水稻土理化性质的变化特征[J]. 土壤, 2010, 42(4): 560-563.
[20]	迟光宇, 王俊, 陈欣, 等. 三江平原不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳的动态变化[J]. 土壤, 2006, 38(6): 755-761.
[21]	MI W H, SUN Y, GAO Q, et al. Changes in humus carbon fractions in paddy soil given different organic amendments and mineral fertilizers[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2019, 195: 104421.
[22]	文启孝. 我国土壤有机质和有机肥研究现状[J]. 土壤学报, 1989, 26(3): 255-261.
[23]	江泽普, 黄绍民, 韦广泼, 等. 不同免耕模式对水稻产量及土壤理化性状的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2007, 23(12): 362-365.
[24]	张鹏. 浅析甘肃省主要农田土壤腐殖质组分[J]. 农业科技与信息, 2008, 5(23): 34-35.
[25]	刘丽华, 崔士泽, 秦猛, 等. 不同积温试验区水稻生育界限期的界定与比较[J]. 黑龙江八一农垦大学学报, 2021, 33(4): 1-6, 39.

组别	阶段	胡敏酸含量/(g·kg^-1)	富啡酸含量/(g·kg^-1)	胡敏素含量/(g·kg^-1)	总含量/(g·kg^-1)
LK	种植前	3.17±0.59	4.92±0.21	6.35±1.01	14.43±0.21
	种植后	6.67±0.54	1.15±0.01	16.61±1.59	24.43±1.05
XK	种植前	1.72±0.29	2.75±0.24	6.72±0.37	11.19±0.17
	种植后	5.53±0.39	0.51±0.66	12.32±1.61	18.36±2.67

组别	阶段	胡敏酸含量/(g·kg^-1)	富啡酸含量/(g·kg^-1)	胡敏素含量/(g·kg^-1)	总含量/(g·kg^-1)
LK	种植前	3.17±0.59	4.92±0.21	6.35±1.01	14.43±0.21
	种植后	6.67±0.54	1.15±0.01	16.61±1.59	24.43±1.05
XK	种植前	1.72±0.29	2.75±0.24	6.72±0.37	11.19±0.17
	种植后	5.53±0.39	0.51±0.66	12.32±1.61	18.36±2.67

组别	品种	每667 m²有效穗/万	每穗粒数	结实率/%	千粒重/g	每667 m²产量/kg
LK	南粳46	22.78	112.72	91.71	25.47	599.80
XK	甬优1540	10.52	375.83	93.92	22.29	827.70

组别	品种	每667 m²有效穗/万	每穗粒数	结实率/%	千粒重/g	每667 m²产量/kg
LK	南粳46	22.78	112.72	91.71	25.47	599.80
XK	甬优1540	10.52	375.83	93.92	22.29	827.70

组别	每667 m² 大米产量/kg	每667 m² 大口黑鲈产量/kg	每667 m² 米糠产量/kg
LK	389.87	106.10	119.96
XK	538.00	142.10	165.54