广东阳江地区淮山连作土壤中微生态的初步分析

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240732

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究阳江地区淮山连作土壤中微生物组成与功能特性,采集淮山连作土壤样本,检测其理化性质指标,并采用宏基因组测序方法分析土壤中微生物群落组成及功能特征。结果表明,阳江地区淮山连作土壤呈酸性,全钾和速效钾含量较高,而速效氮和速效磷含量较低,酸性磷酸酶活性较高而蔗糖酶活性最低。微生物中细菌、古菌和真菌分别占88.90%、9.84%和1.07%。细菌类群以假单胞菌门、放线菌门为主;古菌以亚硝化球菌门和热变菌门为主;真菌类群中子囊菌门、担子菌门和毛霉门占主要比例。京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database,KEGG)分析表明,微生物群落中氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢、辅因子和维生素的代谢和能量代谢显著富集。抗性基因分析表明,群落中有抗利福霉素类抗生素、糖肽类抗生素基因、大环内酯类抗生素、氨基香豆素类抗生素、四环素类抗生素、单内酰胺抗生素等耐药基因。综上所述,淮山连作土壤呈酸性,氮磷钾比例失衡。土壤微生物以细菌和古菌为主,微生物中含有多种抗生素抗性基因。本研究结果为阳江地区淮山连作土壤微生物组成和功能特性提供了初步的认知,为将来改善其连作障碍提供依据。

关键词: 淮山, 根际土壤, 连作障碍, 土壤微生物群落

Abstract:

To explore the microbial composition and functional characteristics in the soil of continuous cropping of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. in Yangjiang area, soil samples of continuous cropping of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. were collected, their physicochemical properies were detected, and the composition and functional characteristics of the microbial community in the soil were analyzed by metagenomic sequencing method. The results showed that: the soil for continuous cropping of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. in Yangjiang area is acidic. The contents of total potassium and available potassium in the soil are relatively high, while the contents of available nitrogen and available phosphorus are relatively low. In terms of soil enzyme activity, acid phosphatase activity is relatively high while sucrase activity is the lowest. Among microorganisms, bacteria, archaea and fungi account for 88.90%, 9.84% and 1.07% respectively. Among the bacterial groups, the Pseudomonadota and Actinomycetes are the main ones. The archaea are mainly Nitrososphaerota and Thermoproteota. Among the fungal groups, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mucormycota account for the major proportion. KEGG analysis indicates that amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism, and energy metabolism are significantly enriched in the microbial community. Resistance gene analysis indicates that the community contains resistance genes to rifamycin antibiotics, glycopeptide antibiotics, macrolide antibiotics, amino coumarin antibiotics, tetracycline antibiotics, monolactam antibiotics, etc. To sum up, when Dioscorea opposita Thunb. is grown continuously, the soil is acidic and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is unbalanced. Soil microorganisms are mainly bacteria and archaea, and they contain a variety of antibiotic resistance genes. The results of this study provide a preliminary understanding of the composition and functional characteristics of soil microorganisms in continuous cropping of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. in Yangjiang area, and offer a basis for improving the obstacles of continuous cropping in the future.

Key words: Dioscorea opposita Thunb., rhizosphere soil, continuous cropping obstacle, soil microbiota

中图分类号:

S154.3

吴丰魏, 黄丽珊, 徐晓飞. 广东阳江地区淮山连作土壤中微生态的初步分析[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(10): 2502-2510.

WU Fengwei, HUANG Lishan, XU Xiaofei. Preliminary analysis of microecology in the soil of continuous cropping of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. in Yangjiang area, Guangdong Province[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(10): 2502-2510.

图/表 4

图1 土壤细菌群落在门水平和属水平的组成及其相对丰度 A—门水平组成;B—属水平组成。

Fig.1 Community composition and relative abundance of soil bacterial communities at the phylum and genus level

图2 土壤古菌(A)和真菌(B)群落在属水平的相对丰度

Fig.2 Relative abundance of soil archaea(A) and fungal(B) communities at the genus level

图3 土壤微生物群落的功能属性相对丰度组成分析 A—前20位KEGG 富集通路的相对丰度;B—前20位GO富集条目的相对丰度。

Fig.3 Analysis of the relative abundance composition of functional attributes of soil microbial communities

图4 微生物群落中抗性基因ARO的相对丰度组成

Fig.4 Compositions in relative abundance of antibiotic resistance ARO in the microbial communities

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