不同消毒方式对草莓连作土壤的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240891

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为深入探讨草莓连作土壤对不同消毒方式的响应,本研究设置了3个处理组:T1(臭氧水消毒)、T2(次氯酸水消毒)、T3(高温高压灭菌),以清水处理为对照,研究不同消毒方式在处理后1、15、30 d对土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性及土壤微生物生物量的影响。结果表明,臭氧水、次氯酸水处理以及高温高压灭菌处理均在不同程度上影响了土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性,三者均提高了土壤pH值。其中,臭氧水有效提高了土壤中的速效钾、速效氮含量。次氯酸水处理后的土壤养分含量变化不明显,酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)、纤维素二糖水解酶(CBH)活性处于较高水平,可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量高于其他处理。此外,高温高压灭菌处理降低了土壤中速效磷、有机质的含量和β-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)、ACP活性,但该处理下的DOC、微生物生物量磷(MBP)含量较高。综上,本试验所选的3种消毒方式均对草莓连作土壤有一定的改良效果,且与传统的化学消毒方式相比均没有化学残留,环保性较好,在现代农业生产中有着广泛的应用前景。

关键词: 土壤消毒, 草莓, 连作, 酶活性, 理化性质, 土壤微生物生物量

Abstract:

To deeply explore the responses of strawberry continuous cropping soil to different disinfection methods, this study set up three treatment groups: T1 (disinfected with ozone water), T2 (disinfected with hypochlorous acid water), and T3 (high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization), with clear water treatment as the control, and studied the effects of different disinfection methods on soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and soil microbial biomass after 1 day, 15 days, and 30 days of treatment. The results showed that ozone water treatment, hypochlorous acid water treatment and high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization treatment all affected the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the activity of soil enzymes to varying degrees, and all increased the pH value of the soil. Among them, ozone water effectively increased the content of available potassium and available nitrogen in the soil. The soil nutrient content after hypochlorous acid water treatment did not change significantly. The activities of acid phosphatase(ACP), leucine aminopeptidase(LAP) and cellobiohydrolase(CBH) were at a relatively high level. The content of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) was higher than those in other treatments. In addition, high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization treatment reduced the content of available phosphorus and organic matter in the soil and the activities of β-glucosidase(βG) and ACP, but the contents of DOC and microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP) under this treatment were relatively high. In conclusion, all three disinfection methods selected in this experiment had certain improvement effects on the soil for strawberry continuous cropping. Compared with the traditional chemical disinfection methods, none of them had chemical residues and were environmentally friendly, exhibiting broad application prospects in modern agricultural production.

Key words: soil disinfection, strawberry, continuous cropping, enzyme activity, physical and chemical properties, soil microbial biomass

中图分类号:

S606

孙萍, 卢犇轶, 吴嘉颀, 陈辰斐, 林贤锐, 王轶, 曹译文, 沈建生. 不同消毒方式对草莓连作土壤的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(12): 3080-3085.

SUN Ping, LU Benyi, WU Jiaqi, CHEN Chenfei, LIN Xianrui, WANG Yi, CAO Yiwen, SHEN Jiansheng. Influence of different disinfection methods on the soil for strawberry continuous cropping[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(12): 3080-3085.

图/表 3

参考文献 28

[1]	李霞. 设施草莓连作障碍的成因及防治对策[J]. 种子科技, 2016, 34(9): 100-101.
[2]	曹丹, 凤舞剑, 白耀博. 不同施肥处理对连作草莓生长及土壤生物学特性的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2020(17): 39-44.
[3]	魏全全, 芶久兰, 赵欢, 等. 黄壤区烤烟轮作与连作根系形态、产量及养分吸收的变化[J]. 西南农业学报, 2018, 31(11): 2294-2299.
[4]	刘福童, 李茂森, 闫超超, 等. 烤烟连作条件下土壤微生物群落结构变化及驱动因素分析[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2023, 42(2): 139-146.
[5]	邓曼适. 臭氧消毒技术原理及其应用前景分析[J]. 华南建设学院西院学报, 2000(3): 54-58.
[6]	宋卫堂, 孙广明, 刘芬, 等. 臭氧杀灭循环营养液中三种土传病原菌的试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2007, 23(6): 189-193.
[7]	陆启环, 张弢, 易晓华, 等. 臭氧水浇灌对土壤营养成分及草莓幼苗生理特性的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2016(23): 50-53.
[8]	张承屏, 李贺军, 王涛, 等. 次氯酸水消毒剂应用研究现状[J]. 氯碱工业, 2022, 58(1): 22-25.
[9]	吕云, 谢丽娜, 南松剑. 中性电解水用于温室土壤消毒的研究[J]. 农业与技术, 2014, 34(8): 3.
[10]	李洪建, 李立成, 侯加林. 微酸性电解水和臭氧水对温室土壤杀菌效果研究与比较[J]. 山东农业科学, 2016, 48(11): 89-92.
[11]	李坤. 葡萄连作障碍机理及调控途径的研究[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳农业大学, 2010.
[12]	张利英, 李贺年, 翟姗姗, 等. 太阳能土壤消毒在草莓保护地栽培中的应用效果[J]. 北方园艺, 2010(14): 67-68.
[13]	侯永侠, 周宝利, 吴晓玲, 等. 土壤灭菌对辣椒抗连作障碍效果[J]. 生态学杂志, 2006, 25(3): 340-342.
[14]	王素素, 杨旭, 杜国栋. 连作土壤高温灭菌与施用石灰氮对草莓植株光合及荧光特性的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2019(13): 30-35.
[15]	QI R M, LI J, LIN Z J, et al. Temperature effects on soil organic carbon soil labile organic carbon fractions and soil enzyme activities under long-term fertilization regimes[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2016, 102: 36-45.
[16]	林先贵. 土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2010.
[17]	李太魁, 郭战玲, 寇长林, 等. 提取方法对土壤可溶性有机碳测定结果的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2017, 26(11): 1878-1883.
[18]	张利亚, 刘霞, 师豪, 等. 木醋液对大棚草莓土壤pH、叶绿素、品质及产量的影响[J]. 中南农业科技, 2022(1): 22-23.
[19]	LIU Z, GUO Q, FENG Z Y, et al. Long-term organic fertilization improves the productivity of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch.) through increasing rhizosphere microbial diversity and network complexity[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2020, 147: 103426.
[20]	吕付泽, 杨雅丽, 鲍雪莲, 等. 免耕不同秸秆覆盖量对土壤酶活性及土壤有机碳含量的影响[J]. 土壤与作物, 2024, 13(2): 140-153.
[21]	吴芳芳, 郑有飞, 吴荣军, 等. O₃浓度升高和太阳辐射减弱对小麦根际土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(12): 3949-3958.
[22]	王理德, 王方琳, 郭春秀, 等. 土壤酶学硏究进展[J]. 土壤, 2016, 48(1): 12-21.
[23]	ZEGLIN L H, STURSOVA M, SINSABAUGH R L, et al. Microbial responses to nitrogen addition in three contrasting grassland ecosystems[J]. Oecologia, 2007, 154(2): 349-359.
[24]	HU W T, WEI S Z, CHEN H, et al. Effect of sterilization on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal activity and soil nutrient status[J]. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2020, 20(2): 684-689.
[25]	BASILE-DOELSCH I, BALESDENT J, PELLERIN S. Reviews and syntheses: the mechanisms underlying carbon storage in soil[J]. Biogeosciences, 2020, 17(21): 5223-5242.
[26]	REES R M, PARKER J P. Filtration increases the correlation between water extractable organic carbon and soil microbial activity[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2005, 37(12): 2240-2248.
[27]	ZHANG B, PENG X H, ZHAO Q G, et al. Eluviation of dissolved organic carbon under wetting and drying and its influence on water infiltration in degraded soils restored with vegetation[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2004, 55(4): 725-737.
[28]	杨冰, 孟祥海, 王佰成, 等. 不同耕作及秸秆还田方式对土壤养分及微生物生物量碳氮的影响[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2024(7): 24-29.

处理时间/d	处理	pH值	全氮含量/(g·kg^-1)	全磷含量/(g·kg^-1)	全钾含量/(g·kg^-1)
1	CK	5.28±0.01 Bc	1.873±0.035 Aa	1.948±0.063 Aa	20.340±0.580 Aa
	T1	5.75±0.02 Aa	1.874±0.030 Aa	2.056±0.023 Aa	21.185±0.476 Aa
	T2	5.26±0.54 Cc	1.879±0.022 Aa	2.015±0.064 Aa	21.396±0.379 Aa
	T3	5.40±0.17 Bb	1.912±0.030 Aa	1.953±0.057 Aa	20.395±1.077 Aa
15	CK	5.28±0.02 Bc	1.831±0.012 Aab	1.959±0.059 Aa	20.330±0.845 Aa
	T1	5.77±0.01 Aa	1.851±0.016 Aab	1.980±0.057 Aa	20.309±0.584 Aa
	T2	5.50±0.02 Bb	1.876±0.005 Aa	1.959±0.109 Aa	19.933±0.798 Ba
	T3	5.46±0.02 Ab	1.780±0.032 Bb	2.021±0.049 Aa	20.736±0.095 Aa
30	CK	5.34±0.01 Ac	1.876±0.017 Aa	1.869±0.056 Aa	21.762±1.122 Aa
	T1	5.79±0.02 Aa	1.867±0.031 Aa	1.999±0.097 Aa	20.635±0.723 Ab
	T2	5.74±0.03 Aa	1.822±0.015 Aa	1.899±0.110 Aa	21.014±0.328 Aa
	T3	5.50±0.03 Ab	1.813±0.042 Ba	1.881±0.056 Aa	21.845±0.040 Aa
处理时间/d	处理	速效磷含量/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/(mg·kg^-1)	速效氮含量/(mg·kg^-1)	有机质含量/(g·kg^-1)
1	CK	285.965±5.767 Aa	129.334±6.377 Ab	207.247±4.041 Ab	36.548±0.786 Aa
	T1	278.225±3.041 Aab	151.549±9.476 Aa	284.307±2.937 Aa	36.832±0.227 Aa
	T2	283.677±6.737 Aa	136.069±8.297 Aab	202.370±2.620 Ab	37.856±0.734 Aa
	T3	271.103±2.005 Ab	131.515±9.577 Ab	206.605±1.759 Bb	34.704±0.777 Ab
15	CK	278.068±3.504 Aa	138.244±0.193 Ab	207.276±3.210 Ab	34.854±0.312 Bab
	T1	275.632±3.676 Aab	158.235±0.294 Aa	244.834±2.141 Ba	35.350±0.453 Ba
	T2	269.130±5.483 Ba	147.291±8.564 Aab	202.432±1.423 Abc	35.271±0.449 Ba
	T3	262.421±0.931 Ab	136.081±3.278 Ab	195.702±3.956 Cc	33.701±0.243 Ab
30	CK	275.906±1.708 Aa	133.849±6.504 Aa	202.967±3.803 Ab	35.697±0.316 ABab
	T1	278.642±3.239 Aa	143.040±3.356 Aa	229.125±1.926 Ca	35.748±0.130 Bab
	T2	268.257±7.160 Ba	140.651±3.308 Aa	208.921±1.811 Ab	36.037±0.073 Ba
	T3	270.894±2.432 Aa	136.088±8.371 Aa	226.426±3.120 Aa	34.283±1.111 Ab

处理时间/d	处理	pH值	全氮含量/(g·kg^-1)	全磷含量/(g·kg^-1)	全钾含量/(g·kg^-1)
1	CK	5.28±0.01 Bc	1.873±0.035 Aa	1.948±0.063 Aa	20.340±0.580 Aa
	T1	5.75±0.02 Aa	1.874±0.030 Aa	2.056±0.023 Aa	21.185±0.476 Aa
	T2	5.26±0.54 Cc	1.879±0.022 Aa	2.015±0.064 Aa	21.396±0.379 Aa
	T3	5.40±0.17 Bb	1.912±0.030 Aa	1.953±0.057 Aa	20.395±1.077 Aa
15	CK	5.28±0.02 Bc	1.831±0.012 Aab	1.959±0.059 Aa	20.330±0.845 Aa
	T1	5.77±0.01 Aa	1.851±0.016 Aab	1.980±0.057 Aa	20.309±0.584 Aa
	T2	5.50±0.02 Bb	1.876±0.005 Aa	1.959±0.109 Aa	19.933±0.798 Ba
	T3	5.46±0.02 Ab	1.780±0.032 Bb	2.021±0.049 Aa	20.736±0.095 Aa
30	CK	5.34±0.01 Ac	1.876±0.017 Aa	1.869±0.056 Aa	21.762±1.122 Aa
	T1	5.79±0.02 Aa	1.867±0.031 Aa	1.999±0.097 Aa	20.635±0.723 Ab
	T2	5.74±0.03 Aa	1.822±0.015 Aa	1.899±0.110 Aa	21.014±0.328 Aa
	T3	5.50±0.03 Ab	1.813±0.042 Ba	1.881±0.056 Aa	21.845±0.040 Aa
处理时间/d	处理	速效磷含量/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/(mg·kg^-1)	速效氮含量/(mg·kg^-1)	有机质含量/(g·kg^-1)
1	CK	285.965±5.767 Aa	129.334±6.377 Ab	207.247±4.041 Ab	36.548±0.786 Aa
	T1	278.225±3.041 Aab	151.549±9.476 Aa	284.307±2.937 Aa	36.832±0.227 Aa
	T2	283.677±6.737 Aa	136.069±8.297 Aab	202.370±2.620 Ab	37.856±0.734 Aa
	T3	271.103±2.005 Ab	131.515±9.577 Ab	206.605±1.759 Bb	34.704±0.777 Ab
15	CK	278.068±3.504 Aa	138.244±0.193 Ab	207.276±3.210 Ab	34.854±0.312 Bab
	T1	275.632±3.676 Aab	158.235±0.294 Aa	244.834±2.141 Ba	35.350±0.453 Ba
	T2	269.130±5.483 Ba	147.291±8.564 Aab	202.432±1.423 Abc	35.271±0.449 Ba
	T3	262.421±0.931 Ab	136.081±3.278 Ab	195.702±3.956 Cc	33.701±0.243 Ab
30	CK	275.906±1.708 Aa	133.849±6.504 Aa	202.967±3.803 Ab	35.697±0.316 ABab
	T1	278.642±3.239 Aa	143.040±3.356 Aa	229.125±1.926 Ca	35.748±0.130 Bab
	T2	268.257±7.160 Ba	140.651±3.308 Aa	208.921±1.811 Ab	36.037±0.073 Ba
	T3	270.894±2.432 Aa	136.088±8.371 Aa	226.426±3.120 Aa	34.283±1.111 Ab