不同农林废物基生物质炭的结构和吸附特性

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240971

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究以水稻秸秆、玉米秸秆、核桃壳和修剪树枝为原料制备的4种生物质炭(RSBC、MSBC、WSBC和SDBC)的特性差异,本研究对比了其元素成分、表观形貌、孔径结构和官能团组成,并以重金属Cu²⁺为试验对象,研究了不同生物质炭的吸附能力。结果表明,不同生物质炭的碳含量为42.04%~81.07%,表面具有丰富的含氧官能团和化学稳定性较强的C-H和芳环。不同生物质炭的表观形貌存在差异,比表面积大小依次为SDBC>WSBC>MSBC>RSBC。4种生物质炭表现出不同的Cu²⁺吸附能力,WSBC和SDBC的吸附速率与Cu²⁺浓度有关,而RSBC和MSBC对Cu²⁺的吸附主要受化学作用控制,吸附量大小排序为RSBC>MSBC>WSBC>SDBC。生物质炭对Cu²⁺的吸附作用与其表面负电荷、含氧官能团、比表面积和无机矿物组分有关,其中RSBC表面丰富的含氧官能团是其具有最佳吸附性能的重要原因。

关键词: 生物质炭, 化学组成, 表面特性, Cu²⁺吸附

Abstract:

In order to explore the properties of four kinds of biochar materials (RSBC, MSBC, WSBC and SDBC), derived from rice straw, maize straw, walnut shell and branch sawdust, respectively, their chemical composition, morphology, aperture structure and functional groups were analyzed. The adsorption capacity of different biochar was also investigated with heavy metal Cu²⁺ as the study object. The results showed that the carbon content of different biochar was within the range of 42.04%-81.07%, all of which contained abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and chemically stable C-H and aromatic rings. The morphology of biochar was different, and the specific surface area was SDBC>WSBC>MSBC>RSBC. Four kinds of biochar exhibited different adsorption capacities for Cu²⁺, and the adsorption rates of WSBC and SDBC were related to the concentration of Cu²⁺, while the adsorption processes of Cu²⁺ on RSBC and MSBC were mainly controlled by chemical action, and the adsorption capacity was ranked as RSBC>MSBC>WSBC>SDBC. The adsorption mechanisms of Cu²⁺ on different biochar were related to their surface negative charges, oxygen-containing functional groups, specific surface area and inorganic mineral components, among which the abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on RSBC surface was the important key for its best adsorption performance.

Key words: biochar, chemical composition, surface property, Cu²⁺ adsorption

中图分类号:

TQ424

应虹, 罗艳, 金树权, 周金波, 王明湖. 不同农林废物基生物质炭的结构和吸附特性[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(8): 2039-2046.

YING Hong, LUO Yan, JIN Shuquan, ZHOU Jinbo, WANG Minghu. Structural and adsorption properties of different biochar derived from agricultural and forestry wastes[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(8): 2039-2046.

图/表 10

表1 不同农林废物基生物质炭的元素组成

Table 1 Elemental composition of biochar derived from different agricultural and forestry wastes

生物质炭	产率/ %	灰分/ %	pH值	元素含量/%				原子比
生物质炭	产率/ %	灰分/ %	pH值	N	C	H	O	H/C	O/C	(O+N)/C
RSBC	35.18	24.68	9.94±0.01	1.20±0.01	54.51±0.07	3.29±0.03	8.69±0.14	0.72	0.12	0.14
MSBC	36.42	39.04	9.00±0.01	0.56±0.07	42.04±0.08	1.62±0.05	8.71±0.17	0.46±0.01	0.16	0.17
WSBC	40.35	2.67	10.03±0.02	0.40±0.02	81.07±0.24	2.39±0.04	10.40±0.26	0.35±0.01	0.10	0.10
SDBC	37.08	1.95	8.99±0.06	0.47±0.02	77.20±0.17	3.07±0.03	11.48±0.10	0.48±0.01	0.11	0.12

图1 不同农林废物基生物质炭的XRD图 G—石墨;Q—石英;C—碳酸钙;Si—硅。

Fig.1 The XRD patterns of biochar derived from different agricultural and forestry wastes

图2 不同农林废物基生物质炭的扫描电镜图

Fig.2 The SEM images of biochar derived from different agricultural and forestry wastes

表2 不同农林废物基生物质炭的比表面积和孔径分析

Table 2 Specific surface area and aperture analysis of biochar derived from different agricultural and forestry wastes

生物质炭	比表面积/ (m²·g^-1)	微孔比表面积/ (m²·g^-1)	外比表面积/ (m²·g^-1)	孔容/ (cm³·g^-1)	平均孔径/ nm
RSBC	50.19	25.96	24.23	0.072	5.76
MSBC	90.15	50.20	39.95	0.088	3.91
WSBC	372.04	311.36	60.68	0.183	1.97
SDBC	374.85	326.21	48.64	0.174	1.86

图3 不同农林废物基生物质炭的FTIR图

Fig.3 The FTIR spectra of biochar derived from different agricultural and forestry wastes

图4 不同农林废物基生物质炭对Cu2+的吸附动力学及其拟合曲线 (a)一级动力学方程拟合,(b)二级动力学方程拟合。

Fig.4 The adsorption kinetics and fitting curves of Cu2+ on biochar derived from different agricultural and forestry wastes

表3 不同农林废物基生物质炭的Cu2+吸附动力学拟合结果

Table 3 The fitted results of Cu2+ adsorption kinetics on biochar derived from different agricultural and forestry wastes

生物质炭	一级动力学方程			二级动力学方程
生物质炭	q_e/(mg·g^-1)	K₁/(g·mg^-1·h^-1)	R²	q_e/(mg·g^-1)	K₂/(g·mg^-1·h^-1)	R²
RSBC	21.128	2.370	0.992	21.734	0.323	0.998
MSBC	15.451	2.442	0.992	15.874	0.470	0.998
WSBC	11.833	1.310	0.965	11.160	—	0.899
SDBC	8.568	0.854	0.963	7.676	—	0.805

图5 不同农林废物基生物质炭对Cu2+的等温吸附及其拟合曲线

Fig.5 The isothermal adsorption and fitting curves of Cu2+ on biochar derived from different agricultural and forestry wastes

表4 不同农林废物基生物质炭的Cu2+等温吸附拟合结果

Table 4 The fitted results of Cu2+ isothermal adsorption on biochar derived from different agricultural and forestry wastes

生物质炭	Langmuir			Freundlich
生物质炭	q_m/(mg·g^-1)	K_L/(L·mg^-1)	R²	K_F/(mg·g^-1)· (mg·L^-1)^-b	b	R²
RSBC	25.844 1	2.264 6	0.947 6	14.441 9	0.137 5	0.990 8
MSBC	19.926 3	3.989 3	0.954 9	11.528 9	0.102 9	0.998 5
WSBC	15.812 3	0.371 4	0.960 5	7.966 4	0.143 6	0.998 4
SDBC	13.146 8	0.118 5	0.941 5	4.691 6	0.200 7	0.991 8

图6 不同农林废物基生物质炭吸附Cu2+后的FTIR图

Fig.6 The FTIR spectra after adsorption of Cu2+ by biochar derived from different agricultural and forestry wastes

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