生物质炭与有机肥配施对土壤性质和水稻生长的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231186

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨生物质炭与有机肥配施对土壤肥力及水稻生长的影响,本试验以嘉67作为供试作物,设置5个处理,研究土壤理化性质、水稻产量及其构成因素的变化。结果表明,与对照相比,生物质炭与有机肥配施处理下土壤容重下降;有机肥用量15 t·hm^-2+猪粪炭用量7.5 t·hm^-2(MC_0.5F₁)处理下土壤有机质含量提高了13.26%;有机肥用量15 t·hm^-2+秸秆炭用量7.5 t·hm^-2(SC_0.5F₁)处理下土壤pH值最高;生物质炭与有机肥配施后水稻产量较对照提高了5.58%~7.48%。相关分析发现,生物质炭与有机肥配施处理主要通过提高土壤pH值、有机质、全氮和全钾含量来提高水稻有效穗数,从而提高水稻产量。因此,生物质炭与有机肥联合施用能改善土壤理化性质和提高水稻产量。

关键词: 生物质炭, 有机肥, 土壤肥力, 水稻产量

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of biochar and organic fertilizer on soil fertility and rice growth, Jia 67 was used as the test crop and five treatments were set up to study the changes of soil physical and chemical properties, rice yield and its constituent factors. The results showed that compared with the control, the soil bulk density decreased under the combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer. The content of soil organic matter increased by 13.26% under MC_0.5F₁ treatment. The soil pH value was the highest under SC_0.5F₁ treatment. The rice yield increased by 5.58%-7.48% compared with the control after the combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer. The correlation analysis showed that the combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer mainly increased the effective panicle number of rice by increasing soil pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen and total potassium content, thereby increasing rice yield. Therefore, the combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer can improve soil physical and chemical properties and increase rice yield.

Key words: biochar, organic fertilizer, soil fertility, rice yield

中图分类号:

S511

马良, 金新梅, 张卫兴, 方云峰. 生物质炭与有机肥配施对土壤性质和水稻生长的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(3): 580-584.

MA Liang, JIN Xinmei, ZHANG Weixing, FANG Yunfeng. Effects of biochar and organic fertilizer on soil properties and rice growth[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(3): 580-584.

图/表 4

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处理	有效穗数/ (万·hm^-2)	每穗粒数	结实率/ %	千粒重/ g
CK	297.95±13.23 b	128.60±6.76 b	88.07±0.20 a	21.50±0.10 b
MC_0.25F₁	340.95±6.45 a	116.00±4.72 c	90.62±0.14 a	22.50±0.26 a
MC_0.5F₁	330.80±14.41 a	142.80±7.11 a	91.22±0.36 a	22.30±0.30 a
SC_0.25F₁	320.25±17.21 a	122.00±3.61 b	90.84±0.11 a	22.70±0.20 a
SC_0.5F₁	340.20±13.84 a	136.50±5.18 a	91.48±0.07 a	22.80±0.35 a

处理	有效穗数/ (万·hm^-2)	每穗粒数	结实率/ %	千粒重/ g
CK	297.95±13.23 b	128.60±6.76 b	88.07±0.20 a	21.50±0.10 b
MC_0.25F₁	340.95±6.45 a	116.00±4.72 c	90.62±0.14 a	22.50±0.26 a
MC_0.5F₁	330.80±14.41 a	142.80±7.11 a	91.22±0.36 a	22.30±0.30 a
SC_0.25F₁	320.25±17.21 a	122.00±3.61 b	90.84±0.11 a	22.70±0.20 a
SC_0.5F₁	340.20±13.84 a	136.50±5.18 a	91.48±0.07 a	22.80±0.35 a

处理	土壤容重/ (g·cm^-3)	pH值	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1)	全磷含量/ (g·kg^-1)	全钾含量/ (g·kg^-1)
CK	1.27±0.02 a	6.88±0.10 b	27.90±1.22 b	1.62±0.02 c	0.99±0.03 b	25.16±0.16 b
MC_0.25F₁	1.25±0.01 ab	7.16±0.06 a	30.80±1.20 a	1.68±0.05 b	1.02±0.03 b	25.62±0.18 b
MC_0.5F₁	1.22±0.02 b	7.20±0.07 a	31.60±1.40 a	1.73±0.04 a	0.98±0.02 b	26.15±0.20 a
SC_0.25F₁	1.23±0.03 b	7.14±0.09 a	28.70±1.65 b	1.66±0.04 b	1.05±0.05 b	26.28±0.29 a
SC_0.5F₁	1.22±0.03 b	7.22±0.09 a	30.20±1.60 a	1.71±0.05 a	1.10±0.04 a	26.64±0.21 a

处理	土壤容重/ (g·cm^-3)	pH值	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1)	全磷含量/ (g·kg^-1)	全钾含量/ (g·kg^-1)
CK	1.27±0.02 a	6.88±0.10 b	27.90±1.22 b	1.62±0.02 c	0.99±0.03 b	25.16±0.16 b
MC_0.25F₁	1.25±0.01 ab	7.16±0.06 a	30.80±1.20 a	1.68±0.05 b	1.02±0.03 b	25.62±0.18 b
MC_0.5F₁	1.22±0.02 b	7.20±0.07 a	31.60±1.40 a	1.73±0.04 a	0.98±0.02 b	26.15±0.20 a
SC_0.25F₁	1.23±0.03 b	7.14±0.09 a	28.70±1.65 b	1.66±0.04 b	1.05±0.05 b	26.28±0.29 a
SC_0.5F₁	1.22±0.03 b	7.22±0.09 a	30.20±1.60 a	1.71±0.05 a	1.10±0.04 a	26.64±0.21 a

指标	产量	有效穗数	每穗粒数	结实率	千粒重
土壤容重	-0.662^**	-0.393	-0.416	-0.336	-0.446
pH值	0.859^**	0.790^**	0.161	0.781^**	0.509
有机质含量	0.552^**	0.713^**	0.356	0.062	0.446
全氮含量	0.592^*	0.686^**	0.506	0.218	0.462
全磷含量	0.394	0.383	-0.192	0.399	0.701^**
全钾含量	0.800^**	0.603^*	0.362	0.493	0.805^**