浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (8): 1855-1859.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250811

• 水产科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

养殖密度对克氏原螯虾幼虾暂养效果的影响

程顺1(), 张培鑫2, 蒋文枰1, 迟美丽1, 郑建波1, 刘士力1, 朱超1, 辛建美1, 李飞1()   

  1. 1.浙江省淡水水产研究所,农业农村部淡水渔业健康养殖重点实验室,浙江省淡水水产遗传育种重点实验室,浙江 湖州 313001
    2.浙江荷锄归生态农场有限公司,浙江 湖州 313215
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-03 出版日期:2026-08-11 发布日期:2026-08-20
  • 通讯作者: 李飞
  • 作者简介:李飞,E-mail:lifeibest1022@163.com
    程顺,研究方向为水产动物遗传育种。E-mail:sschengshun@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖州市科技特派员项目(2023KT26)

Effect of breeding density on the temporary breeding of Procambarus clarkii juveniles

CHENG Shun1(), ZHANG Peixin2, JIANG Wenping1, CHI Meili1, ZHENG Jianbo1, LIU Shili1, ZHU Chao1, XIN Jianmei1, LI Fei1()   

  1. 1.Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries,Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding,Huzhou 313001,Zhejiang
    2.Zhejiang Hechugui Ecological Farm Co. ,Ltd. ,Huzhou 313215,Zhejiang
  • Received:2025-11-03 Online:2026-08-11 Published:2026-08-20
  • Contact: LI Fei

摘要:

克氏原螯虾是我国重要的水产养殖品种之一,每年3—4月投放大规格虾苗是目前其相对稳定的养殖模式。为解决大规格虾苗的供给问题,探讨克氏原螯虾幼虾室内短期暂养效果具有现实意义。本研究设置4组(每平方米100、200、300、400尾)处理,开展不同养殖密度对幼虾的影响研究。养殖21 d后统计各组的成活率、增重率,观察幼虾蜕壳、摄食、打斗情况,检测胰蛋白酶与α-淀粉酶活性及蜕皮激素含量。结果显示,处理1(每平方米100尾)成活率达85.71%,显著(p<0.05)高于其他处理。处理4(每平方米400尾)增重率仅35.34%,显著小于其他处理。处理1幼虾摄食平稳,打斗较少,蜕壳数较少,蜕壳激素含量较低。处理4幼虾争食、打斗频繁,蜕壳数较多,具有较高的蜕壳激素含量。处理1的胰蛋白酶和α-淀粉酶活性较高,处理4这2种酶活性较低,推测低密度可能有助于降低幼虾争食、打斗频率,提高其对食物的消化吸收能力,从而提高成活率。高密度有可能会刺激幼虾争食、打斗,并可能促进蜕壳,但易导致生长较快的蜕壳虾被同类所食,造成该组成活率与增重率的降低。总之,建议克氏原螯虾室内短期暂养密度为每平方米100尾,从而保持较高的成活率与增重率。

关键词: 克氏原螯虾, 密度, 暂养

Abstract:

Procambarus clarkii is one of the important aquaculture species in China,and releasing large-sized seedlings in March-April is currently a relatively stable farming model. To address the supply issue of large-sized seedlings,studying the temporary breeding of P. clarkii juveniles has practical significance. This study set up four treatment groups(100,200,300,and 400 individuals per square meter)to investigate the effects of different breeding densities on juveniles. After 21 days of breeding,the survival rate and weight gain rate of each group were recorded. The molting,feeding,and fighting behaviors of P. clarkii juveniles were observed,and the activities of trypsin and α-amylase as well as ecdysteroid content were measured. The results showed that treatment 1(100 individuals per square meter)achieved a survival rate of 85.71%,significantly(p<0.05)higher than the other treatments. Treatment 4(400 individuals per square meter)exhibited a weight gain rate of only 35.34%,significantly lower than the other treatments. In treatment 1,juveniles displayed stable feeding,minimal fighting,fewer molts,and lower ecdysteroid content. Treatment 4 juveniles frequently engaged in food competition and fighting,experienced more molts,and higher ecdysteroid content. Treatment 1 showed higher trypsin and α-amylase activity,while treatment 4 exhibited lower activity for these two enzymes. It is speculated that lower breeding density may help reduce food competition and fighting frequency among juveniles,thereby improving their digestive absorption capacity and survival rate. High breeding density may stimulate food competition and fighting among juveniles,potentially promote molting,but could lead to the predation of faster-growing molting juveniles by conspecifics,resulting in reduced survival rate and weight gain rate. In summary,it is recommended that the temporary breeding density for P. clarkii juveniles be set at 100 individuals per square meter to maintain higher survival rate and eight gain rate.

Key words: Procambarus clarkii, density, temporary breeding

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