浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (2): 281-287.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250022

• 粮食作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

尿素一次性减量基施对籼粳杂交稻产量与氮利用效率的影响

陆学峰1(), 许唯1, 陈琳1, 应霄1, 褚光2()   

  1. 1.嘉善县农业技术推广中心,浙江 嘉善 314100
    2.中国水稻研究所,浙江 杭州 311400
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-09 出版日期:2026-02-28 发布日期:2026-03-07
  • 通讯作者: 褚光,E-mail: chuguang@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:陆学峰,主要从事农业技术推广工作。E-mail:gongcy0904@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32101825);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2022C02034);国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS-01)

Effects of one-time reduced basal application of urea on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of indicajaponica hybrid rice

LU Xuefeng1(), XU Wei1, CHEN Lin1, YING Xiao1, CHU Guang2()   

  1. 1.Agricultural Technology Promotion Center in Jiashan County,Jiashan 314100,Zhejiang
    2.China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 311400,Zhejiang
  • Received:2025-01-09 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2026-03-07

摘要:

本研究旨在探讨尿素一次性基施对籼粳杂交稻产量与氮利用效率的影响,以秀优6号(嘉善)与甬优1540(富阳)为供试材料,设置3个氮肥处理,即0N,全生育期不施用氮肥,仅施用磷钾肥;LFP(对照),当地农户习惯施肥,氮源为普通尿素,折合纯氮量200 kg·hm-2;PCU,氮源为尿素,施氮量较LFP减少20%,折合纯氮量160 kg·hm-2,仅作基肥一次性混施。结果表明,在2个试验地点,PCU处理的2个籼粳杂交稻产量与LFP处理无显著差异,但显著(p<0.05)提高了氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥产谷利用率以及氮收获指数,同时减少2次追肥。与LFP相比,PCU处理显著降低了水稻成熟期的有效穗数,而每穗粒数无显著差异,但结实率与千粒重显著提高。因此,尿素一次性基施与农户习惯施肥相比,在籼粳杂交稻生产中具有稳产省工、节本增效的作用,有一定的推广价值。

关键词: 水稻, 树脂包膜控释尿素, 普通尿素, 产量, 氮利用效率

Abstract:

This study aims to explore the effects of one-time basal combined application of resin-coated controlled-release urea and conventional urea on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of indica-japonica hybrid rice. Using Xiuyou 6(Jiashan)and Yongyou 1540(Fuyang)as test materials,three nitrogen treatments were set up:0N,no nitrogen fertilizer was applied throughout the growth period,only phosphorus and potassium were applied;LFP(control),representing the conventional fertilization practice of local farmers,where conventional urea was used as the nitrogen source with a nitrogen application of 200 kg·hm-2 pure nitrogen;PCU,where resin-coated controlled-release urea and conventional urea were used as the nitrogen source with a nitrogen application rate reduced by 20% compared with LFP(equivalent to 160 kg·hm-2 of pure nitrogen),and applied as a one-time basal mixed application. The results showed that there was no significant difference in yield between the two indica-japonica hybrid rice treated with PCU and LFP treatment at the two test sites. However,the PCU treatment significantly(p<0.05)improved agronomic nitrogen use efficiency,partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer,yield utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer,and nitrogen harvest index,while reducing two rounds of topdressing. Compared with LFP,PCU treatment significantly reduced the effective panicle number during rice maturity,while there was no significant difference in the number of grains per spike,but the seed setting rate and 1 000 grain weight were significantly increased. In conclusion,compared with the conventional fertilization practice of local farmers,a one-time basal combined application of resin-coated controlled-release urea and conventional urea offers stable yields,labor savings,and increased efficiency,demonstrating potential for wider adoption.

Key words: rice, resin-coated controlled-release urea, conventional urea, yield, nitrogen use efficiency

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