不同消毒方式对连作草莓土壤微生物菌群的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250376

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究以连作15年草莓土壤为研究对象，分析10 mg·L^-1臭氧水浇透（R1）、150 mg·L^-1次氯酸溶液浇透（R2）、121 ℃ 20 min高温灭菌（R3）3种土壤消毒方式对土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明，与清水对照（R4）相比，R3会使土壤中细菌的Chao1指数、观测物种数（observed OTUs）和香农（Shannon）指数先下降后上升，使真菌Chao1指数、观测物种数和Shannon指数下降，而R1和R2使土壤中细菌的Chao1指数、观测物种数和Shannon指数先升高后降低，使真菌Chao1指数、观测物种数和Shannon指数上升。采用臭氧水消毒土壤能抑制有害细菌生长，使具备土壤修复能力的微生物丰度增加；R2虽然能增加促进植物生长发育的噬几丁质菌科（Chitinophagaceae）相对丰度，但也导致镰孢菌属（Fusarium）和赤壳科（Nectriaceae）致病菌丰度升高。高温消毒会导致土壤所有微生物遭受逆境胁迫，严重影响土壤的细菌和真菌群落结构。

关键词: 草莓, 连作障碍, 土壤消毒, 微生物多样性, 土壤健康

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of three soil disinfection methods， irrigation with 10 mg·L^-1 ozone water（R1），irrigation with 150 mg·L^-1 hypochlorous acid solution（R2），and high-temperature sterilization at 121 °C for 20 min（R3）， on soil microbial communities in strawberry soil with 15 years of continuous cropping. The results showed that，compared with the water control（R4），R3 caused the bacterial Chao1 index，observed OTUs，and Shannon index to first decrease and then increase，while it reduced the fungal Chao1 index，observed OTUs，and Shannon index. In contrast，R1 and R2 increased the bacterial Chao1 index，observed OTUs，and Shannon index initially，followed by a decrease，and increased the fungal Chao1 index，observed OTUs，and Shannon index. Disinfection with ozone water inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria and increased the abundance of beneficial microorganisms with soil remediation capabilities. Although R2 increased the relative abundance of Chitinophagaceae，which promotes plant growth and development，it also led to higher abundances of pathogenic genera such as Fusarium and Nectriaceae. High-temperature sterilization imposed severe stress on all soil microorganisms and affected both bacterial and fungal community structures.

Key words: strawberry, continuous cropping obstacle, soil disinfection, microbial diversity, soil health

中图分类号:

S668.4

曹译文, 孙萍, 吴嘉颀, 陈辰斐, 林贤锐, 沈建生. 不同消毒方式对连作草莓土壤微生物菌群的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2026, 67(9): 2255-2264.

CAO Yiwen, SUN Ping, WU Jiaqi, CHEN Chenfei, LIN Xianrui, SHEN Jiansheng. Effects of different disinfection methods on soil microbial flora of continuous cropping strawberry[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(9): 2255-2264.

图/表 5

图1 不同处理土壤中细菌和真菌的α多样性*表示与同一天的对照（R4）相比差异显著（p<0.05），**表示与同一天的对照相比差异极显著（p<0.01）。

Fig.1 α-diversities of bacteria and fungi in soil under different treatments

图2 不同处理土壤中细菌和真菌的β多样性A，消毒1 d后的土壤细菌群落多样性；B，消毒15 d后的土壤细菌群落多样性；C，消毒30 d后的土壤细菌群落多样性；D，消毒1 d后的土壤真菌群落多样性；E，消毒15 d后的土壤真菌群落多样性；F，消毒30 d后的土壤真菌群落多样性。

Fig.2 β-diversities of bacteria and fungi in soil under different treatments

图3 不同处理土壤中细菌和真菌门水平的相对丰度R1·1 d表示R1处理后1 d，其余依此类推。下同。A，细菌；B，真菌。

Fig. 3 Relative abundance of bacteria and fungi at the phylum level in soil under different treatments

图4 不同处理土壤中细菌和真菌在属水平的聚类A，细菌；B，真菌。

Fig.4 Clustering of bacteria and fungi at the genus level in soil under different treatments

图5 不同处理土壤中细菌和真菌的线性判别分析A、B、C分别为不同消毒方式处理后1、15和30 d土壤样本中细菌的线性判别分析（LDA）；D、E、F分别为不同消毒方式处理后1、15和30 d 土壤样本中真菌的线性判别分析。LDA阈值设置为4。图中的LDA score均已转换为其常用对数值。

Fig.5 Linear discriminant analysis effect size of bacteria and fungi in soil under different treatments

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