钾镁交互作用对番茄产量及品质的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20220895

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于华南地区土壤的镁离子易淋失,多地农作物出现缺钾缺镁而引起的生理性病害,本研究在不同钾水平下镁肥施用效果和适宜钾镁肥施用量,可为合理施用钾镁肥提供理论依据,以期为番茄高产、高效施肥提供理论指导。以金丰番茄为材料,七水硫酸镁、氯化钾为供试肥料,采用大田试验,研究钾镁交互作用对番茄生长、产量及品质的影响。在施钾189 kg·hm^-2、施镁 74 kg·hm^-2条件下,该处理对番茄株高、茎粗、生物量以及氮磷钾镁养分积累量等都具有明显的影响,能显著增加番茄的可溶性糖、维生素C含量、糖酸比和单株番茄产量,分别为3.61%、20.17 mg·kg^-1、0.89、3.44 kg。与不施钾镁肥对照相比分别增加1.25百分点、64.24%、270.22%、85.28%,有利于光合产物向籽粒中分配。在中钾水平下,施用镁肥不仅有助于提高番茄的产量,而且对于提高番茄的品质也有一定作用。在广东地区番茄生产上,钾镁肥合理用量分别为189 kg·hm^-2、74 kg·hm^-2。

关键词: 钾肥, 镁肥, 番茄, 养分积累, 钾镁交互作用

中图分类号:

S641.2

程凤娴, 叶锦泉, 何耀诺, 胡振兴, 管云, 涂攀峰, 邓兰生, 张承林, 李慎磊. 钾镁交互作用对番茄产量及品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2022, 63(12): 2814-2818.

图/表 3

参考文献 31

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处理	株高/cm	茎粗/mm	单株干重/g	单株果实干重/g	单株产量/kg
CK	113.88±2.12 e	11.68±0.59 b	28.22±0.89 d	11.45±0.53 e	1.86±0.07 e
K1M1	121.25±0.48 d	12.82±0.68 ab	36.43±0.55 c	13.81±0.87 de	2.36±0.06 d
K1M2	132.88±2.38 c	13.24±0.77 ab	49.43±2.62 b	19.96±2.83 bc	2.84±0.05 c
K1M3	132.25±3.19 c	13.21±0.28 ab	60.60±2.04 a	24.13±1.64 a	3.34±0.05 a
K2M1	141.25±2.86 ab	13.01±0.37 ab	37.29±1.12 c	17.62±0.64 cd	2.87±0.04 c
K2M2	141.63±3.63 ab	14.08±0.51 a	48.72±1.32 b	22.94±0.27 ab	3.09±0.02 b
K2M3	148.19±2.93 a	14.36±0.60 a	60.86±1.79 a	24.13±1.17 a	3.44±0.04 a
K3M1	143.38±3.12 ab	11.84±0.34 b	47.94±0.51 b	17.11±0.57 cd	2.92±0.04 c
K3M2	136.50±3.56 bc	12.29±0.51 b	54.35±2.87 ab	19.07±1.36 bc	3.13±0.04 b
K3M3	135.50±2.73 bc	12.10±0.62 b	52.43±4.46 b	19.48±1.11 bc	3.17±0.06 b
F_K	24.22^***	8.86^***	1.42	3.98^*	32.12^***
F_M	1.19	1.67	45.14^***	17.44^***	125.96^***
F_K×M	4.80^**	0.35	6.51^**	2.21	16.63^***

处理	株高/cm	茎粗/mm	单株干重/g	单株果实干重/g	单株产量/kg
CK	113.88±2.12 e	11.68±0.59 b	28.22±0.89 d	11.45±0.53 e	1.86±0.07 e
K1M1	121.25±0.48 d	12.82±0.68 ab	36.43±0.55 c	13.81±0.87 de	2.36±0.06 d
K1M2	132.88±2.38 c	13.24±0.77 ab	49.43±2.62 b	19.96±2.83 bc	2.84±0.05 c
K1M3	132.25±3.19 c	13.21±0.28 ab	60.60±2.04 a	24.13±1.64 a	3.34±0.05 a
K2M1	141.25±2.86 ab	13.01±0.37 ab	37.29±1.12 c	17.62±0.64 cd	2.87±0.04 c
K2M2	141.63±3.63 ab	14.08±0.51 a	48.72±1.32 b	22.94±0.27 ab	3.09±0.02 b
K2M3	148.19±2.93 a	14.36±0.60 a	60.86±1.79 a	24.13±1.17 a	3.44±0.04 a
K3M1	143.38±3.12 ab	11.84±0.34 b	47.94±0.51 b	17.11±0.57 cd	2.92±0.04 c
K3M2	136.50±3.56 bc	12.29±0.51 b	54.35±2.87 ab	19.07±1.36 bc	3.13±0.04 b
K3M3	135.50±2.73 bc	12.10±0.62 b	52.43±4.46 b	19.48±1.11 bc	3.17±0.06 b
F_K	24.22^***	8.86^***	1.42	3.98^*	32.12^***
F_M	1.19	1.67	45.14^***	17.44^***	125.96^***
F_K×M	4.80^**	0.35	6.51^**	2.21	16.63^***

处理	每株钾积累量/g	每株镁积累量/g	每株氮积累量/g	每株磷积累量/g
CK	0.41±0.13 c	0.05±0.01 d	0.42±0.06 e	0.04±0.00 d
K1M1	0.52±0.10 bc	0.06±0.01 cd	0.34±0.05 cde	0.05±0.00 cd
K1M2	0.99±0.29 ab	0.10±0.01 b	0.36±0.05 cd	0.08±0.01 b
K1M3	0.88±0.07 abc	0.14±0.01 a	0.37±0.02 ab	0.08±0.01 a
K2M1	0.70±0.06 abc	0.06±0.00 cd	0.32±0.04 de	0.06±0.01 cd
K2M2	0.95±0.04 ab	0.10±0.00 b	0.30±0.04 cd	0.06±0.01 b
K2M3	1.17±0.12 a	0.13±0.01 a	0.39±0.08 a	0.09±0.01 a
K3M1	0.76±0.07 abc	0.08±0.00 bc	0.42±0.12 cde	0.06±0.00 bc
K3M2	0.95±0.21 ab	0.10±0.01 b	0.42±0.04 bc	0.08±0.02 b
K3M3	0.87±0.11 abc	0.10±0.01 b	0.39±0.08 cd	0.07±0.02 b
F_K	0.75	1.02	0.84	0.03
F_M	4.74^*	40.61^***	14.79^**	3.51
F_K×M	0.77	3.51^**	2.72	0.55

处理	每株钾积累量/g	每株镁积累量/g	每株氮积累量/g	每株磷积累量/g
CK	0.41±0.13 c	0.05±0.01 d	0.42±0.06 e	0.04±0.00 d
K1M1	0.52±0.10 bc	0.06±0.01 cd	0.34±0.05 cde	0.05±0.00 cd
K1M2	0.99±0.29 ab	0.10±0.01 b	0.36±0.05 cd	0.08±0.01 b
K1M3	0.88±0.07 abc	0.14±0.01 a	0.37±0.02 ab	0.08±0.01 a
K2M1	0.70±0.06 abc	0.06±0.00 cd	0.32±0.04 de	0.06±0.01 cd
K2M2	0.95±0.04 ab	0.10±0.00 b	0.30±0.04 cd	0.06±0.01 b
K2M3	1.17±0.12 a	0.13±0.01 a	0.39±0.08 a	0.09±0.01 a
K3M1	0.76±0.07 abc	0.08±0.00 bc	0.42±0.12 cde	0.06±0.00 bc
K3M2	0.95±0.21 ab	0.10±0.01 b	0.42±0.04 bc	0.08±0.02 b
K3M3	0.87±0.11 abc	0.10±0.01 b	0.39±0.08 cd	0.07±0.02 b
F_K	0.75	1.02	0.84	0.03
F_M	4.74^*	40.61^***	14.79^**	3.51
F_K×M	0.77	3.51^**	2.72	0.55

处理	可溶性糖/%	V_C/(mg·kg^-1)	糖酸比
CK	2.36±0.16 d	12.28±0.56 e	0.24±0.03 g
K1M1	2.73±0.04 c	15.98±0.51 c	0.43±0.02 f
K1M2	2.91±0.05 c	18.63±1.05 ab	0.56±0.02 cd
K1M3	3.26±0.03 b	19.59±0.62 ab	0.77±0.03 b
K2M1	2.89±0.07 c	16.43±0.60 c	0.61±0.05 c
K2M2	3.22±0.02 b	18.23±0.31 b	0.81±0.02 b
K2M3	3.61±0.05 a	20.17±0.64 a	0.89±0.02 a
K3M1	2.82±0.09 c	14.23±0.35 d	0.45±0.03 ef
K3M2	2.88±0.07 c	16.19±0.18 c	0.52±0.01 de
K3M3	3.40±0.06 ab	20.02±0.27 a	0.58±0.01 cd
F_K	19.19^***	5.96^*	73.56^***
F_M	92.14^***	45.70^***	66.95^***
F_K×M	1.78	2.04	5.52^**