钵苗机插对不同杂交晚稻品种产量及品质的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230334

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钵苗机插技术在水稻上广泛应用。2021年选用中浙优8号、泰两优217、嘉丰优2号、甬优15等4个杂交晚稻品种,分析比较钵苗机插与毯苗机插2种育秧机插方式对不同单季晚稻品种秧苗素质、产量构成及稻米品质的影响。钵苗机插能够实现水稻增产,主要是由于钵苗秧苗素质好,干物质积累多,机插发棵早,穗粒数显著增加,结实率和千粒重稳定。但稻米品质改善效果不明显,只减少了垩白度。深入研究钵苗机插技术对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响,筛选适合钵苗机插的优质单季晚稻品种,达到优质、稳产、节本的目的,为钵苗机插的推广提供技术路径。

关键词: 钵苗机插, 杂交晚稻, 品种, 产量构成, 稻米品质

Abstract:

Seedling machine transplanting technology is widely used in rice. In 2021, four hybrid late rice varieties, including Zhongzheyou 8, Tailiangyou 217, Jiafengyou 2 and Yongyou 15, were selected to analyze and compare the effects of two seedling raising machine transplanting methods, pot seedling machine transplanting and blanket seedling machine transplanting on seedling quality, yield composition and rice quality of different single-season late rice varieties. Machine transplanting of pot seedlings can increase rice yield, mainly due to the good quality of pot seedlings, more dry matter accumulation, early seedling growth, significant increase in the number of grains per spike, and stable seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight. However, the improvement effect on rice quality was not obvious, and only the chalkiness was reduced. The influence of pot seedling machine transplanting technology on rice yield and rice quality was studied in depth, and high-quality single-season late rice varieties suitable for pot seedling machine transplanting were screened to achieve the purpose of high quality, stable yield and cost saving, so as to provide a technical path for the promotion of pot seedling machine transplanting.

Key words: pot seedling machine transplanting, hybrid late rice, variety, yield composition, rice quality

中图分类号:

S511

金羽清, 卢依灵, 王清清, 许剑锋, 汤学军. 钵苗机插对不同杂交晚稻品种产量及品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(6): 1302-1306.

JIN Yuqing, LU Yiling, WANG Qingqing, XU Jianfeng, TANG Xuejun. Effect of pot seedling machine transplanting on yield and quality of different hybrid late rice varieties[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(6): 1302-1306.

图/表 4

参考文献 10

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品种	育秧方式	株高/ cm	叶龄	分蘖数	黄叶数	绿叶数	基茎宽/ cm	主根长/ cm	根数	10株地上干物质重/g	10株地下干物质重/g	根冠比/ %
中浙优8号	钵苗	22.61 cd	4.66 a	0.07 b	0.93 b	4.17 a	4.23 b	5.36 d	15.87 bc	0.71 ab	0.17 b	23.9 a
	毯苗	22.82 c	3.88 c	0 b	0.90 b	3.27 bc	3.07 d	9.62 b	13.33 cd	0.42 c	0.10 c	23.8 a
泰两优217	钵苗	19.93 e	4.56 a	0.10 b	1.07 b	4.13 a	4.17 b	5.40 d	17.37 b	0.67 b	0.17 b	25.4 a
	毯苗	20.29 de	3.93 c	0 b	0.90 b	3.50 b	3.47 c	8.20 c	13.33 cd	0.45 c	0.13 bc	28.9 a
嘉丰优2号	钵苗	24.20 bc	4.59 a	0.30 a	1.00 b	4.33 a	4.77 a	6.34 d	20.77 a	0.87 a	0.23 a	26.4 a
	毯苗	21.93 cde	3.84 c	0 b	1.00 b	3.23 bc	3.30 cd	8.08 c	14.20 c	0.46 c	0.11 bc	23.9 a
甬优15	钵苗	27.54 a	4.18 b	0 b	1.67 a	2.80 c	3.56 c	8.00 c	14.07 c	0.69 b	0.13 bc	18.8 a
	毯苗	25.26 b	3.31 d	0 b	1.23 b	2.33 d	2.32 e	12.07 a	10.87 d	0.36 c	0.08 c	22.2 a
方差分析	品种	^**	^**	ns	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	ns	^*	ns
	育秧方式	ns	^**	^**	ns	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	ns
	品种×育秧方式	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	^*	^*	ns	ns	ns	ns

品种	育秧方式	株高/ cm	叶龄	分蘖数	黄叶数	绿叶数	基茎宽/ cm	主根长/ cm	根数	10株地上干物质重/g	10株地下干物质重/g	根冠比/ %
中浙优8号	钵苗	22.61 cd	4.66 a	0.07 b	0.93 b	4.17 a	4.23 b	5.36 d	15.87 bc	0.71 ab	0.17 b	23.9 a
	毯苗	22.82 c	3.88 c	0 b	0.90 b	3.27 bc	3.07 d	9.62 b	13.33 cd	0.42 c	0.10 c	23.8 a
泰两优217	钵苗	19.93 e	4.56 a	0.10 b	1.07 b	4.13 a	4.17 b	5.40 d	17.37 b	0.67 b	0.17 b	25.4 a
	毯苗	20.29 de	3.93 c	0 b	0.90 b	3.50 b	3.47 c	8.20 c	13.33 cd	0.45 c	0.13 bc	28.9 a
嘉丰优2号	钵苗	24.20 bc	4.59 a	0.30 a	1.00 b	4.33 a	4.77 a	6.34 d	20.77 a	0.87 a	0.23 a	26.4 a
	毯苗	21.93 cde	3.84 c	0 b	1.00 b	3.23 bc	3.30 cd	8.08 c	14.20 c	0.46 c	0.11 bc	23.9 a
甬优15	钵苗	27.54 a	4.18 b	0 b	1.67 a	2.80 c	3.56 c	8.00 c	14.07 c	0.69 b	0.13 bc	18.8 a
	毯苗	25.26 b	3.31 d	0 b	1.23 b	2.33 d	2.32 e	12.07 a	10.87 d	0.36 c	0.08 c	22.2 a
方差分析	品种	^**	^**	ns	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	ns	^*	ns
	育秧方式	ns	^**	^**	ns	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	ns
	品种×育秧方式	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	^*	^*	ns	ns	ns	ns

品种	育秧机插方式	株高/ cm	穗长/ cm	有效穗/ 万	穗粒数	穗实粒数	结实率/ %	千粒重/ g	实割产量/ (kg·hm^-2)	理论产量/ (kg·hm^-2)
中浙优8号	钵苗机插	134.33 ab	27.96 a	13.51	203.69 bc	189.24 b	0.93 a	27.02 b	45.76	46.05
	毯苗机插	137.00 a	27.87 a	14.46	186.92 c	169.50 b	0.91 a	26.96 b	43.25	44.05
泰两优217	钵苗机插	127.00 bc	24.93 b	12.60	217.22 bc	202.13 ab	0.93 a	25.94 b	43.91	44.04
	毯苗机插	123.67 c	24.84 b	13.64	205.95 bc	187.30 b	0.91 a	25.72 b	41.61	43.81
嘉丰优2号	钵苗机插	133.33 abc	24.36 b	10.59	282.27 a	262.11 a	0.93 a	26.92 b	49.28	49.82
	毯苗机插	127.33 bc	23.59 b	12.51	255.37 ab	226.97 ab	0.89 a	26.16 b	48.69	49.52
甬优15	钵苗机插	126.67 bc	24.46 b	13.11	228.48 abc	199.17 b	0.87 a	30.16 a	43.95	52.50
	毯苗机插	126.00 bc	23.54 b	13.30	225.72 abc	201.21 ab	0.89 a	29.36 a	48.90	52.38

品种	育秧机插方式	株高/ cm	穗长/ cm	有效穗/ 万	穗粒数	穗实粒数	结实率/ %	千粒重/ g	实割产量/ (kg·hm^-2)	理论产量/ (kg·hm^-2)
中浙优8号	钵苗机插	134.33 ab	27.96 a	13.51	203.69 bc	189.24 b	0.93 a	27.02 b	45.76	46.05
	毯苗机插	137.00 a	27.87 a	14.46	186.92 c	169.50 b	0.91 a	26.96 b	43.25	44.05
泰两优217	钵苗机插	127.00 bc	24.93 b	12.60	217.22 bc	202.13 ab	0.93 a	25.94 b	43.91	44.04
	毯苗机插	123.67 c	24.84 b	13.64	205.95 bc	187.30 b	0.91 a	25.72 b	41.61	43.81
嘉丰优2号	钵苗机插	133.33 abc	24.36 b	10.59	282.27 a	262.11 a	0.93 a	26.92 b	49.28	49.82
	毯苗机插	127.33 bc	23.59 b	12.51	255.37 ab	226.97 ab	0.89 a	26.16 b	48.69	49.52
甬优15	钵苗机插	126.67 bc	24.46 b	13.11	228.48 abc	199.17 b	0.87 a	30.16 a	43.95	52.50
	毯苗机插	126.00 bc	23.54 b	13.30	225.72 abc	201.21 ab	0.89 a	29.36 a	48.90	52.38

品种	育秧机插方式	稻类	糙米率/%	精米率/%	整精米率/%	垩白粒率/%	垩白度/%	透明度/级	粒长/mm	长宽比
中浙优8号	钵苗机插	籼稻	82.3	73.3	57.7	6	1.4	2	6.9	3.2
	毯苗机插	籼稻	83.0	74.2	58.7	6	1.6	2	6.9	3.1
泰两优217	钵苗机插	籼稻	80.6	70.6	63.5	5	0.7	2	6.7	3.1
	毯苗机插	籼稻	80.5	70.7	63.8	8	1.6	2	6.7	3.1
嘉丰优2号	钵苗机插	籼稻	80.4	72.3	67.0	5	1.1	2	6.2	2.6
	毯苗机插	籼稻	80.2	72.5	68.3	8	1.9	2	6.3	2.6
甬优15	钵苗机插	籼稻	82.3	73.6	67.3	12	1.9	2	6.5	2.6
	毯苗机插	籼稻	82.2	73.9	68.5	8	1.4	2	6.4	2.6