浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (5): 1173-1180.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250123

• 经济作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

浙北迟直播油菜表型性状综合评价

王瑞森1(), 权新华1, 杨海龙1, 姜聪2, 姚祥坦1, 张泉锋2,*()   

  1. 1.嘉兴市农业科学研究院,浙江 嘉兴 314016
    2.浙江勿忘农种业股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 311215
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-10 出版日期:2025-05-11 发布日期:2025-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 张泉锋(1979—),男,浙江慈溪人,高级农艺师,本科,主要从事油菜新品种选育、高产栽培与新品种推广,E-mail:47530451@qq.com
  • 作者简介:王瑞森(1990—),男,河南封丘人,农艺师,硕士,主要从事十字花科作物育种工作,E-mail:wangruisen@hotmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    嘉兴市重点研究计划(2024BZ20006);浙江省农业(旱粮新品种选育)新品种选育重大科技专项子课题(2021C02064-2-2)

Comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits in late direct-seeded rapeseed in Northern Zhejiang

WANG Ruisen1(), QUAN Xinhua1, YANG Hailong1, JIANG Cong2, YAO Xiangtan1, ZHANG Quanfeng2,*()   

  1. 1. Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiaxing 314016, Zhejiang
    2. Zhejiang Wuwangnong Seeds Shareholding Co.,Ltd., Hangzhou 311215, Zhejiang
  • Received:2025-02-10 Online:2025-05-11 Published:2025-05-20

摘要: 通过变异系数及变异范围等指标对14个油菜品种的13个主要表型性状的多样性水平进行综合分析。结果表明:迟播后油菜生育期缩短至166~174 d,株高矮化至99.20~120.60 cm。产量受耐寒性影响明显,抗冻性较强的越优518产量达1 296.60 kg·hm-2;单株有效角果数变异最丰富,而生育期相对最稳定;13个性状的多样性指数为3.039 6~3.807 2,变幅较小;主成分分析提取5个主成分,累计贡献率91.03%,其中PC1(有效分枝数)和PC2(单株有效角果数)对产量贡献显著;基于综合评价得分,越优花叶15、宁杂559和沣油737综合表现最好,推荐为高产潜力品种;聚类分析将油菜分为2大类,不同类群在生育期和存活苗数等性状上差异较大。本研究筛选出了综合性状优良的油菜品种,明确了迟直播条件下油菜性状的遗传多样性及产量的关键的影响因素,为浙北地区迟直播油菜育种及栽培管理提供了理论支持。

关键词: 油菜品种, 迟直播, 表型多样性, 性状分析, 综合评价

Abstract:

The diversity levels of 13 major phenotypic traits of 14 rapeseed varieties were comprehensively analyzed using indicators such as coefficient of variation and variation range. The results showed that the growth period of rapeseed was shortened to 166-174 days after late sowing, and plant height was reduced to 99.20-120.60 cm. Yield was significantly influenced by cold tolerance, with the frost-resistant variety Yueyou 518 achieving a yield of 1 296.60 kg·hm-2. The number of effective pods per plant exhibited the richest variation, while the growth period was relatively the most stable. The diversity indices of the 13 traits ranged from 3.039 6 to 3.807 2, with a small variation range. Principal component analysis extracted five principal components, accounting for 91.03% of the cumulative contribution rate, among which PC1 (number of effective branches) and PC2 (number of effective pods per plant) significantly contributed to yield. Based on comprehensive evaluation scores, Yueyou Huaye 15, Ningza 559, and Fengyou 737 demonstrated the best overall performance and were recommended as high-yield potential varieties. Cluster analysis divided the rapeseed varieties into two major groups, with significant differences in traits such as growth period and surviving seedling number between the groups. This study identified rapeseed varieties with excellent comprehensive traits, clarified the genetic diversity of rapeseed traits and key yield-influencing factors under late direct-seeding conditions, and provided theoretical support for rapeseed breeding and cultivation management in Northern Zhejiang.

Key words: rapeseed varieties, late direct-seeding, phenotypic diversity, trait analysis, comprehensive evaluation

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