浙江农业科学

浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (8): 1829-1834.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240517

• 水产科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

稻鱼综合种养模式对土壤微生物多样性和功能的影响

任晋东1(), 孙媛2, 崔燕燕3, 韦小明3, 汤勇1,*()   

  1. 1.浙江省农业科学院,浙江 杭州 310021
    2.青田县方山乡人民政府,浙江 丽水 323900
    3.淇县农业农村局 农业农村发展服务中心,河南 淇县 456750
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-25 出版日期:2025-08-11 发布日期:2025-09-04
  • 通讯作者: 汤勇(1961—),男,浙江武义人,研究员,研究方向为农业生态高效养殖等,E-mail:miaomiao@mail.zaas.ac.cn。
  • 作者简介:任晋东(1983—),男,博士,E-mail:renjindong@126.com。

Effect of integrated rice-fish farming system on soil microbial diversity and function

REN Jindong1(), SUN Yuan2, CUI Yanyan3, WEI Xiaoming3, TANG Yong1,*()   

  1. 1. Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang
    2. Fangshan Township People's Government of Qingtian County, Lishui 323900, Zhejiang
    3. Agricultural and Rural Development Service Center, Qixian Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Qixian 456750, He'nan
  • Received:2024-06-25 Online:2025-08-11 Published:2025-09-04

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摘要：

为探究稻鱼综合种养对土壤微生物多样性的影响,本研究采用16S测序技术,对实施稻鱼综合种养模式和水稻单一种植模式下的土壤进行了微生物对比分析。结果表明,土壤样品中绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)在第1个月和第2个月的土壤中差异显著;在属水平上,酸杆菌属(Acidobacteriales)的相对丰度在稻鱼综合种养模式的第1~2个月较水稻单一种植模式显著降低,杆菌属(Bacillus)在稻鱼综合种养模式下较水稻单一种植模式在第4个月时显著降低,而梭状芽孢杆菌属则在各时期均显著增加。对2种模式下土壤微生物进行多样性和功能富集分析表明,稻鱼综合种养模式下从放鱼养殖1月到4月土壤微生物Chao多样性指数提升,提升幅度大于水稻单一种植模式;稻鱼综合种养模式下土壤微生物在化学异养、有氧化能异养、固氮、发酵、甲基营养、碳氢化合物分解、甲烷营养、动物寄生虫或共生体等功能上存在显著差异,其中稻鱼综合种养模式下土壤的固氮和发酵代谢功能微生物富集量显著提高。综上表明,稻鱼综合种养模式养殖对于改善土壤微生物多样性、提升肥力作用显著,土壤生态效益量化指标提升显著。

关键词: 稻鱼综合种养, 土壤微生物, 微生物多样性, 生态

Abstract:

To investigate the impact of integrated rice-fish system on soil microbial diversity, this study conducted a comparative analysis of soil microorganisms under integrated rice-fish and rice monoculture systems using 16S sequencing technology. The results revealed significant differences in the relative abundances of Chloroflexi and Acidobacteriota in soil samples during the first and second months. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Acidobacteriales was significantly lower during the first and second months under the integrated rice-fish system than under the rice monoculture system. Notably, the abundance of Bacillus under the integrated rice-fish system system significantly decreased by the fourth month compared with rice monoculture, whereas Clostridium sensu stricto increased throughout all periods. Diversity and functional enrichment analyses demonstrated that the chao diversity index of soil microorganisms under the integrated rice-fish system increased dramatically from the first to the fourth month, surpassing the improvement observed in the rice monoculture system. Furthermore, significant functional differences were idenjpgied in metabolic pathways such as chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, fermentation, nitrogen fixation, methylotrophy, hydrocarbon degradation, methanotrophy, and animal parasites or symbionts. Specifically, the integrated rice-fish system exhibited enhanced enrichment of nitrogen-fixation and fermentation functional microorganisms. These findings indicate that integrated rice-fish system significantly enhances soil microbial diversity, fertility, and improves soil ecological benefit benefits.

Key words: integrated rice-fish system, soil microorganisms, microbial diversity, ecology

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