稻虾轮作对稻田土壤理化性状和细菌多样性的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240886

浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (1): 202-210.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240886

稻虾轮作对稻田土壤理化性状和细菌多样性的影响

崔雁娜¹(), 郝贵杰¹, 王雨辰¹, 孙博怿¹, 童喻浩², 朱彦雨³, 王敏³, 方启航³, 施旭梅³, 楼逸笛³, 朱新丁³^,^*(), 涂金玉⁴, 张海琪¹^,^*(), 杨煌朕³

1.浙江省淡水水产研究所农业农村部淡水渔业健康养殖重点实验室,浙江省鱼类健康与营养重点实验室,湖州市水产品品质提升与加工技术重点实验室,浙江湖州 313001
2.安吉县梅溪镇农业农村办公室,浙江湖州 313306
3.永康市农业技术推广中心,浙江永康 233200
4.安吉梅溪草滩家庭农场,浙江湖州 313306

收稿日期:2024-11-20 出版日期:2026-01-11 发布日期:2026-01-19
通讯作者: 朱新丁,张海琪
作者简介:朱新丁,E-mail:153645938@qq.com。
张海琪,E-mail:447965345@qq.com;
崔雁娜,主要从事淡水渔业环境监测、水产品质量安全与加工研究。E-mail:384396455@qq.com。
基金资助:
2022年永康市产业团队项目;2022年安吉县乡村振兴科技好项目

Effects of rice-crayfish rotation on soil physicochemical property and bacterial diversity in paddy fields

CUI Yanna¹(), HAO Guijie¹, WANG Yuchen¹, SUN Boyi¹, TONG Yuhao², ZHU Yanyu³, WANG Min³, FANG Qihang³, SHI Xumei³, LOU Yidi³, ZHU Xinding³^,^*(), TU Jinyu⁴, ZHANG Haiqi¹^,^*(), YANG Huangzhen³

1. Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fish Healthand Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Quality Improvement and Processing Technology, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, Zhejiang
2. Agriculture and Rural Affairs Office of Meixi Town, Anji, Huzhou 313306, Zhejiang
3. Yongkang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Yongkang 233200, Zhejiang
4. Anji Meixi Caotan Family Farm, Huzhou 313306, Zhejiang

Received:2024-11-20 Online:2026-01-11 Published:2026-01-19
Contact: ZHU Xinding,ZHANG Haiqi

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究1年期不同养殖密度与稻虾轮作不同阶段的土壤理化性状和土壤细菌多样性,选取9块面积相近的田块进行稻虾轮作,设置3个养殖密度,每个养殖密度设3个平行田块,分别采集稻虾轮作前、中、后期的土壤样品,测定土壤理化性状和细菌多样性。结果表明: 小龙虾的养殖密度对土壤pH值、容重、土粒密度、有机质含量、全氮含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量、总孔隙度、土壤细菌多样性均无显著影响。稻虾轮作期间,土壤有机质含量和全氮含量无显著差异;pH值、容重、土粒密度、有效磷含量、速效钾含量、总孔隙度存在显著差异。pH值、土粒密度在前期和中期无显著变化,后期pH值显著降低11.5%,土粒密度显著增加4.28%;容重、速效钾含量、总孔隙度在前中后期均呈现显著差异,容重呈先升后降趋势,速效钾含量呈现逐渐下降趋势,而总孔隙度呈现先下降后上升趋势;有效磷含量则在中期显著下降38.0%后趋于稳定。稻虾轮作期间,土壤中细菌在前、中、后期物种丰富度有显著变化,且呈递增规律;前期和中期土壤细菌物种多样性无显著差异,与前、中期相比,后期土壤细菌多样性显著增加。这表明稻虾轮作可以增加土壤细菌的物种丰富度和多样性。稻虾轮作期间,土壤理化指标和细菌多样性的相关性具有明显的规律性:有效磷和速效钾含量主要影响前期土壤细菌多样性,呈正相关;pH值和容重主要影响中期土壤细菌多样性,呈正相关;总孔隙度和土粒密度主要影响后期土壤细菌多样性,呈负相关。研究结果可为稻虾轮作产业发展提供参考。

关键词: 稻虾轮作, 养殖密度, 土壤理化性状, 微生物多样性

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different one-year breeding densities and different stages of rice-crayfish rotation on soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial diversity, nine fields of similar area were selected for rice-crayfish rotation. Three breeding densities were set, with three parallel fields for each density. Soil samples were collected before, during, and after the rice-crayfish rotation to determine soil physicochemical properties and bacterial diversity. The results showed that the breeding density of crayfish had no significant effect on soil pH value, bulk density, particle density, organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, total porosity, or soil bacterial diversity. During the rice-crayfish rotation period, there were no significant differences in soil organic matter content and total nitrogen content; however, significant differences were observed in pH value, bulk density, particle density, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, and total porosity. pH value and particle density showed no significant change in the early and middle stages, but in the late stage, pH value decreased significantly by 11.5%, and particle density significantly increased by 4.28%. Bulk density, available potassium content, and total porosity showed significant differences across the early, middle, and late stages. Bulk density firstly increased and then decreased, available potassium content showed a gradual decreasing trend, while total porosity firstly decreased and then increased. Available phosphorus content significantly decreased by 38.0% in the middle stage and then stabilized. During the rice-crayfish rotation, the species richness of soil bacteria significantly changed across the early, middle, and late stages, showing an increasing trend. There was no significant difference in soil bacterial species diversity between the early and middle stages; however, compared to the early and middle stages, bacterial diversity significantly increased in the late stage. This indicates that rice-crayfish rotation can increase the species richness and diversity of soil bacteria. During the rotation, the correlation between soil physicochemical indicators and bacterial diversity followed clear patterns: available phosphorus and available potassium contents mainly affected soil bacterial diversity in the early stage, showing a positive correlation; pH value and bulk density mainly affected soil bacterial diversity in the middle stage, showing a positive correlation; total porosity and particle density mainly affected soil bacterial diversity in the late stage, showing a negative correlation. The results can provide a reference for the development of the rice-crayfish rotation industry.

Key words: rice-crayfish rotation, breeding density, soil physicochemical property, microbial diversity

中图分类号:

S153

崔雁娜, 郝贵杰, 王雨辰, 孙博怿, 童喻浩, 朱彦雨, 王敏, 方启航, 施旭梅, 楼逸笛, 朱新丁, 涂金玉, 张海琪, 杨煌朕. 稻虾轮作对稻田土壤理化性状和细菌多样性的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2026, 67(1): 202-210.

CUI Yanna, HAO Guijie, WANG Yuchen, SUN Boyi, TONG Yuhao, ZHU Yanyu, WANG Min, FANG Qihang, SHI Xumei, LOU Yidi, ZHU Xinding, TU Jinyu, ZHANG Haiqi, YANG Huangzhen. Effects of rice-crayfish rotation on soil physicochemical property and bacterial diversity in paddy fields[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(1): 202-210.

图/表 7

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处理	pH值	容重/ (g·cm^-3)	土粒密度/ (g·cm^-3)	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	总孔隙度/%
QA	5.11±0.31 a	1.05±0.13 b	2.53±0.02 b	27.60±3.03 a	1 571.00±190.00 a	22.47±8.35 a	182.00±59.50 a	58.60±5.16 b
QB	5.08±0.04 a	1.22±0.07 b	2.55±0.01 b	24.40±3.98 a	1 331.00±253.00 a	13.90±4.96 ab	187.00±48.80 a	52.10±2.40 b
QC	5.04±0.03 a	1.18±0.10 b	2.54±0.02 b	23.70±2.95 a	1 392.00±196.00 a	19.67±7.09 a	194.00±21.80 a	53.40±4.16 b
MA	5.16±0.23 a	1.38±0.17 a	2.58±0.02 b	26.70±6.77 a	1 482.67±324.71 a	15.53±3.36 ab	159.67±50.30 b	46.47±6.15 c
MB	5.19±0.10 a	1.44±0.08 a	2.56±0.01 b	26.10±2.78 a	1 552.67±206.10 a	10.91±3.63 b	164.33±28.88 b	43.43±2.66 c
MC	5.31±0.32 a	1.56±0.38 a	2.58±0.02 b	21.70±8.26 a	1 295.00±442.59 a	8.29±4.33 b	133.00±22.00 bc	39.37±14.19 c
HA	4.62±0.09 b	0.92±0.21 c	2.63±0.04 a	29.70±3.21 a	1 584.67±200.24 a	11.90±5.72 b	100.83±8.88 c	65.13±7.46 a
HB	4.57±0.02 b	0.99±0.03 c	2.70±0.03 a	30.57±0.80 a	1 597.00±71.42 a	9.99±2.74 b	121.00±15.52 c	63.27±0.76 a
HC	4.66±0.08 b	0.95±0.21 c	2.69±0.06 a	27.77±7.17 a	1 543.67±482.47 a	8.72±7.65 b	134.67±28.02 bc	64.93±6.82 a

处理	pH值	容重/ (g·cm^-3)	土粒密度/ (g·cm^-3)	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	总孔隙度/%
QA	5.11±0.31 a	1.05±0.13 b	2.53±0.02 b	27.60±3.03 a	1 571.00±190.00 a	22.47±8.35 a	182.00±59.50 a	58.60±5.16 b
QB	5.08±0.04 a	1.22±0.07 b	2.55±0.01 b	24.40±3.98 a	1 331.00±253.00 a	13.90±4.96 ab	187.00±48.80 a	52.10±2.40 b
QC	5.04±0.03 a	1.18±0.10 b	2.54±0.02 b	23.70±2.95 a	1 392.00±196.00 a	19.67±7.09 a	194.00±21.80 a	53.40±4.16 b
MA	5.16±0.23 a	1.38±0.17 a	2.58±0.02 b	26.70±6.77 a	1 482.67±324.71 a	15.53±3.36 ab	159.67±50.30 b	46.47±6.15 c
MB	5.19±0.10 a	1.44±0.08 a	2.56±0.01 b	26.10±2.78 a	1 552.67±206.10 a	10.91±3.63 b	164.33±28.88 b	43.43±2.66 c
MC	5.31±0.32 a	1.56±0.38 a	2.58±0.02 b	21.70±8.26 a	1 295.00±442.59 a	8.29±4.33 b	133.00±22.00 bc	39.37±14.19 c
HA	4.62±0.09 b	0.92±0.21 c	2.63±0.04 a	29.70±3.21 a	1 584.67±200.24 a	11.90±5.72 b	100.83±8.88 c	65.13±7.46 a
HB	4.57±0.02 b	0.99±0.03 c	2.70±0.03 a	30.57±0.80 a	1 597.00±71.42 a	9.99±2.74 b	121.00±15.52 c	63.27±0.76 a
HC	4.66±0.08 b	0.95±0.21 c	2.69±0.06 a	27.77±7.17 a	1 543.67±482.47 a	8.72±7.65 b	134.67±28.02 bc	64.93±6.82 a

处理	pH值	容重/ (g·cm^-3)	土粒密度/ (g·cm^-3)	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	总孔隙度/%
Q	5.07±0.16 a	1.15±0.12 b	2.54±0.02 b	25.2±3.42 a	1 430±215 a	18.7±7.10 a	188±40.3 a	54.7±4.62 b
M	5.22±0.22 a	1.46±0.23 a	2.57±0.02 b	24.8±5.99 a	1 440±315 a	11.6±4.57 b	152±34.3 b	43.1±8.43 c
H	4.62±0.08 b	0.95±0.15 c	2.68±0.05 a	29.3±4.14 a	1 580±265 a	10.2±5.16 b	119±22.2 c	64.4±5.14 a

处理	pH值	容重/ (g·cm^-3)	土粒密度/ (g·cm^-3)	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	总孔隙度/%
Q	5.07±0.16 a	1.15±0.12 b	2.54±0.02 b	25.2±3.42 a	1 430±215 a	18.7±7.10 a	188±40.3 a	54.7±4.62 b
M	5.22±0.22 a	1.46±0.23 a	2.57±0.02 b	24.8±5.99 a	1 440±315 a	11.6±4.57 b	152±34.3 b	43.1±8.43 c
H	4.62±0.08 b	0.95±0.15 c	2.68±0.05 a	29.3±4.14 a	1 580±265 a	10.2±5.16 b	119±22.2 c	64.4±5.14 a

稻虾轮作对稻田土壤理化性状和细菌多样性的影响

Effects of rice-crayfish rotation on soil physicochemical property and bacterial diversity in paddy fields

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