复合肥配施土壤改良剂对玉米生长和滨海盐碱地的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250103

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了改良河北省滨海盐碱地土壤理化特性并提升其耕地质量,本研究以河北省唐山市滨海盐碱地为研究对象,通过田间试验探究复合肥配施不同土壤改良剂对玉米生长及盐碱地改良效果的影响。试验设置7个处理,包含对照CK和6种不同用量的土壤改良剂处理,分析了玉米农艺性状、土壤含盐量、pH值及土壤养分含量的变化。结果表明,复合肥配施土壤改良剂能够有效降低土壤含盐量、调节pH值、提高土壤养分含量,并促进玉米生长和增产。不同土壤改良剂的效果不尽相同,其中常规复合肥600 kg·hm^-2配施良田葆375 kg·hm^-2的综合效果最佳,适合在河北省滨海盐碱地推广应用。本研究为盐碱地改良和农业可持续发展提供了科学依据和实践参考。

关键词: 土壤改良剂, 滨海盐碱地, 玉米, 土壤养分

Abstract:

To improve the physicochemical properties of coastal saline-alkali soil and enhance the quality of arable land in Hebei Province, this study focused on the coastal saline-alkali soil in Tangshan City, Hebei Province. Through field experiments, the effects of compound fertilizer combined with different soil amendments on corn growth and saline-alkali soil improvement were investigated. The experiment included seven treatments: a control group (CK) and six treatments with varying amounts of soil amendments. Changes in corn agronomic traits, soil salinity, pH value, and soil nutrient content were analyzed. The results showed that the application of compound fertilizer combined with soil amendments effectively reduced soil salinity, regulated pH value, increased soil nutrient content, and promoted corn growth and yield. The effects of different soil amendments varied, with 600 kg·hm^-2 of conventional compound fertilizer combined with 375 kg·hm^-2 of Liangtianbao showing the best overall performance, making it suitable for promotion and application in coastal saline-alkali soils in Hebei Province. This study provides a scientific basis and practical reference for saline-alkali soil improvement and sustainable agricultural development.

Key words: soil amendment, coastal saline-alkali soil, corn, soil nutrient

中图分类号:

S156.4

陈悦, 薛志忠, 冯薇, 孟然, 吴哲, 鲁雪林. 复合肥配施土壤改良剂对玉米生长和滨海盐碱地的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2026, 67(1): 211-215.

CHEN Yue, XUE Zhizhong, FENG Wei, MENG Ran, WU Zhe, LU Xuelin. Effects of compound fertilizer combined with different soil amendments on corn growth and coastal saline-alkali soil improvement[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(1): 211-215.

图/表 3

参考文献 21

[1]	杨劲松, 姚荣江, 王相平, 等. 中国盐渍土研究: 历程、现状与展望[J]. 土壤学报, 2022, 59(1): 10-27.
	YANG J S, YAO R J, WANG X P, et al. Research on salt-affected soils in China: history, status quo and prospect[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2022, 59(1): 10-27.
[2]	魏博娴. 中国盐碱土的分布与成因分析[J]. 水土保持应用技术, 2012(6): 27-28.
	WEI B X. Analysis of the distribution and genesis of saline-alkali soil in China[J]. Technology of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012(6): 27-28.
[3]	杨真, 王宝山. 中国盐渍土资源现状及改良利用对策[J]. 山东农业科学, 2015, 47(4): 125-130.
	YANG Z, WANG B S. Present status of saline soil resources and countermeasures for improvement and utilization in China[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 47(4): 125-130.
[4]	黄伟, 孙宏勇, 刘建兵, 等. 河北省盐碱地综合利用的现状、问题及建议[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2025, 33(3): 541-549.
	HUANG W, SUN H Y, LIU J B, et al. Current situation, problems, and suggestions for comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali soil in Hebei Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2025, 33(3): 541-549.
[5]	段浩然, 邓郁, 曾瑜, 等. 河北省盐碱地现状及生态改良建议[J]. 现代农业科技, 2024(16): 84-87, 103.
	DUAN H R, DENG Y, ZENG Y, et al. Status and ecological improvement suggestion of saline-alkali land in Hebei Province[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024(16): 84-87, 103.
[6]	王丽娜, 王迪, 任翠梅, 等. 土壤改良剂的应用现状[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(30): 84-88.
	WANG L N, WANG D, REN C M, et al. Current application status of soil improvers[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(30): 84-88.
[7]	李广成, 马瑞楠, 马治虎, 等. 施用一种有机肥类土壤调理剂对玉米生长及盐碱地改良的效果[J]. 南方农业, 2024, 18(14): 20-22.
	LI G C, MA R N, MA Z H, et al. The effect of applying an organic fertilizer soil conditioner on maize growth and improvement of saline alkali land[J]. South China Agriculture, 2024, 18(14): 20-22.
[8]	李佳钰, 刘兴和, 魏佳吉, 等. 土壤改良剂对盐碱土及草地早熟禾生长的影响[J]. 国土与自然资源研究, 2025(1): 92-96.
	LI J Y, LIU X H, WEI J J, et al. Effects of soil amendments on the growth of precocious grasses in saline-alkali soil and grassland[J]. Territory & Natural Resources Study, 2025(1): 92-96.
[9]	杨建强, 高嘉瑞, 柳超超, 等. 不同用量土壤改良剂对碱茅生长及土壤养分的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(9): 2138-2142.
	YANG J Q, GAO J R, LIU C C, et al. Effects of different dosages of soil conditioner on the growth of Puccinellia tenuiflora and soil nutrients[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(9): 2138-2142.
[10]	田冬, 桂丕, 李化山, 等. 不同改良措施对滨海重度盐碱地的改良效果分析[J]. 西南农业学报, 2018, 31(11): 2366-2372.
	TIAN D, GUI P, LI H S, et al. Effect of different measures on improvement of seashore saline alkali land[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 31(11): 2366-2372.
[11]	周先林, 覃琴, 孟永明, 等. 不同改良剂对新疆盐碱土壤改良及棉花生长的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(34): 91-96.
	ZHOU X L, QIN Q, MENG Y M, et al. Effects of different amendments on saline-alkali soil improvement and cotton growth in Xinjiang[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(34): 91-96.
[12]	罗小东, 王全九, 谭帅. 基于土壤钠离子含量的不同施用量石膏改良剂的改良效果[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2016, 34(1): 288-292.
	LUO X D, WANG Q J, TAN S. The effect of gypsum improver based on Na⁺ concentration in soil[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2016, 34(1): 288-292.
[13]	管西林, 郭洪海, 贾曦, 等. 不同有机改良剂对盐碱地菊芋产量及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 山东农业科学, 2024, 56(3): 70-77.
	GUAN X L, GUO H H, JIA X, et al. Effects of different organic amendments on yield of Helianthus tuberosus L. and soil physical and chemical properties in saline-alkali land[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 56(3): 70-77.
[14]	张涛, 钟辉丽, 高红, 等. 土壤改良剂不同用量在河西走廊次生盐碱化土壤上的应用与评价[J]. 中国农技推广, 2023, 39(5): 66-71.
	ZHANG T, ZHONG H L, GAO H, et al. Application and evaluation of different dosages of soil conditioner on secondary salinized soil in the Hexi corridor[J]. China Agricultural Technology Extension, 2023, 39(5): 66-71.
[15]	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
[16]	董晓菲, 邵青娜, 贾佳, 等. 土壤改良技术的应用现状[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2019, 25(9): 38-40.
	DONG X F, SHAO Q N, JIA J, et al. Application status of soil improvement technology[J]. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2019, 25(9): 38-40.
[17]	张翼夫, 李问盈, 胡红, 等. 盐碱地改良研究现状及展望[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2017, 45(18): 7-10.
	ZHANG Y F, LI W Y, HU H, et al. Research status and prospect of saline-alkali land improvement[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45(18): 7-10.
[18]	陆宝金, 田生昌, 左忠, 等. 盐渍化土地可持续利用研究综述及展望[J]. 宁夏大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 44(1): 79-88.
	LU B J, TIAN S C, ZUO Z, et al. Review and prospect on sustainable utilization of salinized land[J]. Journal of Ningxia University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 44(1): 79-88.
[19]	陆海玲. 有机肥配施盐碱土壤改良剂对盐碱地土壤性状及甜菜产量和品质的影响[J]. 寒旱农业科学, 2024(10): 944-948.
	LU H L. Effects of organic fertilizer combined with saline-alkaline soil amendments on soil properties, sugar beet yields, and quality in saline-alkaline land[J]. Journal of Cold-Arid Agricultural Sciences, 2024(10): 944-948.
[20]	庞喆, 王启龙, 李娟. 不同土壤改良剂对陕北低洼盐碱地土壤理化性质及水稻产量和经济效益的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(6): 174-180.
	PANG Z, WANG Q L, LI J. Effects of different soil amendments on soil physical and chemical properties, rice yield and economic benefits in low-lying saline alkali land in northern Shaanxi[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(6): 174-180.
[21]	赵军, 杨珍. 不同盐碱地土壤改良剂对玉米生长及产量的影响[J]. 农业科技通讯, 2020(10): 79-81.
	ZHAO J, YANG Z. The effects of different soil conditioners for saline-alkali land on the growth and yield of corn[J]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2020(10): 79-81.

处理	株高/cm	穗高/cm	穗长/cm	穗粗/cm	百粒重/g	轴粗/cm	穗粒数	穗粒重/g	产量/kg
CK	185.10	72.50	16.24	4.72	34.30	3.01	396.25	133.92	8.07
处理1	190.70	83.25	17.20	4.87	36.62	3.05	424.20	154.29	11.90
处理2	210.25	90.45	16.70	4.71	34.45	3.04	391.50	135.37	9.66
处理3	191.15	83.15	16.87	4.81	35.01	3.08	413.20	142.45	11.12
处理4	201.55	88.10	16.70	4.75	36.08	3.07	411.65	148.74	11.60
处理5	194.25	79.90	16.52	4.80	33.39	3.04	397.40	133.34	7.71
处理6	198.50	80.75	16.95	4.82	34.31	3.09	410.35	144.83	8.92

处理	株高/cm	穗高/cm	穗长/cm	穗粗/cm	百粒重/g	轴粗/cm	穗粒数	穗粒重/g	产量/kg
CK	185.10	72.50	16.24	4.72	34.30	3.01	396.25	133.92	8.07
处理1	190.70	83.25	17.20	4.87	36.62	3.05	424.20	154.29	11.90
处理2	210.25	90.45	16.70	4.71	34.45	3.04	391.50	135.37	9.66
处理3	191.15	83.15	16.87	4.81	35.01	3.08	413.20	142.45	11.12
处理4	201.55	88.10	16.70	4.75	36.08	3.07	411.65	148.74	11.60
处理5	194.25	79.90	16.52	4.80	33.39	3.04	397.40	133.34	7.71
处理6	198.50	80.75	16.95	4.82	34.31	3.09	410.35	144.83	8.92

处理	土壤含盐量相对降低率/%	土壤pH值
CK	24.0	7.48
处理1	79.0	7.60
处理2	78.1	7.54
处理3	61.4	6.06
处理4	68.6	7.50
处理5	44.9	7.31
处理6	63.6	7.41

处理	土壤含盐量相对降低率/%	土壤pH值
CK	24.0	7.48
处理1	79.0	7.60
处理2	78.1	7.54
处理3	61.4	6.06
处理4	68.6	7.50
处理5	44.9	7.31
处理6	63.6	7.41

处理	碱解氮含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1)
CK	60.18 a	64.86 c	192.16 c	12.66 b
处理1	60.39 a	72.78 ab	207.45 a	13.60 ab
处理2	62.47 a	75.92 a	198.92 b	14.01 ab
处理3	63.09 a	69.06 bc	204.63 a	14.06 ab
处理4	63.76 a	70.07 abc	207.14 a	13.17 ab
处理5	63.07 a	70.50 abc	202.10 ab	14.92 a
处理6	63.92 a	68.21 bc	204.82 a	14.18 ab