
浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (3): 780-786.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250099
收稿日期:2025-02-13
出版日期:2026-03-11
发布日期:2026-03-30
通讯作者:
张仁堂
作者简介:张仁堂,E-mail:rentangzhang@163.com。基金资助:
FAN Mengrui1(
), WANG Yuxiao1, GU Duanyin2, ZHANG Rentang1(
)
Received:2025-02-13
Online:2026-03-11
Published:2026-03-30
Contact:
ZHANG Rentang
摘要:
本文聚焦于青花菜加工技术,论述了青花菜的传统加工技术和新兴加工技术。其中,传统加工技术包含清洗、烫漂、速冻、干燥以及贮藏保鲜技术,这些技术在青花菜的初步处理和长期贮藏方面发挥关键作用,确保青花菜在加工过程中的基本品质和食用安全。随着科技不断进步,新兴加工技术的发展为青花菜加工品质和安全性的提升带来了新机遇,如高静压技术、纳米包装技术、等离子体处理技术和3D打印技术等,这些技术的应用有望进一步提升青花菜加工品质与安全性,为青花菜产业发展提供有力支撑。
中图分类号:
范梦睿, 王宇晓, 谷端银, 张仁堂. 青花菜传统加工技术及新兴加工技术应用前景[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2026, 67(3): 780-786.
FAN Mengrui, WANG Yuxiao, GU Duanyin, ZHANG Rentang. Application prospect of traditional processing technology and emerging processing technology of broccoli[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(3): 780-786.
| 技术 | 特征 | 应用 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 优点 | 缺点 | 物料 | 处理条件 | 结果 | |
| 热水 | 操作简单 | 传热速度慢、营养损失大、水消耗量巨大、污水处理困难 | 青花菜 | 在95 ℃热水中烫漂60 s | 可应用于实际生产,此条件下的速冻青花菜产品品质更优[ |
| 蒸汽 | 减少营养物质损失 | 耗时长、传热速度慢、加热不均匀 | 青花菜 | 100 ℃、处理30、60、90、120、180 s | 过氧化物酶失活,维生素C含量降低[ |
| 微波 | 加热时间短、升温速度快 | 加热不均匀、穿透深度低 | 青花菜 | 微波炉(2 450 MHz、950 W)3 min;微波炉(2 450 MHz,900 W),处理40、50、60、70、80 s | 营养成分损失降低[ |
| 射频 | 加热速度快 | 射频加热过程易发生热偏移现象 | 青花菜 | 6 kW、27.12 MHz、温度(70、80、90 ℃),极板间距(90、95、100、105、110 mm) | 过氧化物酶活性变化是射频加热温度和持续时间的双重作用[ |
表1 烫漂技术的特征及应用
Table 1 Features and applications of blanching technologies
| 技术 | 特征 | 应用 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 优点 | 缺点 | 物料 | 处理条件 | 结果 | |
| 热水 | 操作简单 | 传热速度慢、营养损失大、水消耗量巨大、污水处理困难 | 青花菜 | 在95 ℃热水中烫漂60 s | 可应用于实际生产,此条件下的速冻青花菜产品品质更优[ |
| 蒸汽 | 减少营养物质损失 | 耗时长、传热速度慢、加热不均匀 | 青花菜 | 100 ℃、处理30、60、90、120、180 s | 过氧化物酶失活,维生素C含量降低[ |
| 微波 | 加热时间短、升温速度快 | 加热不均匀、穿透深度低 | 青花菜 | 微波炉(2 450 MHz、950 W)3 min;微波炉(2 450 MHz,900 W),处理40、50、60、70、80 s | 营养成分损失降低[ |
| 射频 | 加热速度快 | 射频加热过程易发生热偏移现象 | 青花菜 | 6 kW、27.12 MHz、温度(70、80、90 ℃),极板间距(90、95、100、105、110 mm) | 过氧化物酶活性变化是射频加热温度和持续时间的双重作用[ |
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