
浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (5): 1316-1325.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240991
吴洁慧1(
), 苏紫依1, 杨佩雨1, 陈波2, 杨海龙1,2(
)
收稿日期:2024-12-24
出版日期:2026-05-11
发布日期:2026-05-12
通讯作者:
杨海龙
作者简介:杨海龙,E-mail:yanghl99@163.com。基金资助:
WU Jiehui1(
), SU Ziyi1, YANG Peiyu1, CHEN Bo2, YANG Hailong1,2(
)
Received:2024-12-24
Online:2026-05-11
Published:2026-05-12
Contact:
YANG Hailong
摘要:
乳酸菌是人们在生产实践中最常用的有益微生物之一,它不仅可用于农产品发酵,以提升风味和延长保质期,还具有调节肠道菌群、增强免疫力、抑制病原菌生长等多种生物活性。近年来,随着人们对自身健康的日益重视,化学抑菌剂和抗生素替代品的研究正成为研究热点。其中,乳酸菌抑菌代谢产物因安全性高、效果良好而备受关注。本文综述了乳酸菌产生的抑菌代谢产物的种类、制备工艺及其应用领域的国内外研究进展,并展望了其未来发展趋势。
中图分类号:
吴洁慧, 苏紫依, 杨佩雨, 陈波, 杨海龙. 乳酸菌抑菌代谢产物的研究进展[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2026, 67(5): 1316-1325.
WU Jiehui, SU Ziyi, YANG Peiyu, CHEN Bo, YANG Hailong. Research progress on antibacterial metabolites of lactic acid bacteria[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(5): 1316-1325.
| 分类 | 结构特征 | 代表性种类 |
|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ类 | 被称为羊毛硫抗生素,含有翻译后修饰的氨基酸,分子量小于5 ku | nisin(乳酸链球菌素),labyrinthopeptins A1(迷宫肽A1),suicin 65(猪链球菌素65),thuricin CD(苏云金素CD),subtilosin A(枯草环肽素A) |
| Ⅱ类 | 耐热性好,疏水性肽,分子量小于10 ku | Pediocin PA-1(片球菌素PA-1),sakicin A(清酒菌素A),leucocin A(明串珠菌素),lakacin A(拉克菌素A),garviecin LG34(加维菌素LG34),lactococcin(乳球菌素),plantaricin A(植物乳杆菌素A),enterocin(肠球菌素) |
| Ⅲ类 | 对热不稳定,分子量大于30 ku | Lysostaphin(溶葡球菌素),enterolysin A(肠球菌溶素A),helveticin(瑞士乳杆菌素) |
| Ⅳ类 | 含有糖或脂类片段的大分子复合物 | Pediocin N5p(片球菌素N5p),lactocin 27(乳杆菌素27),enterocin F4-9(肠球菌素F4-9) |
表1 乳酸菌源细菌素的分类[15]
Table 1 Classification of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria
| 分类 | 结构特征 | 代表性种类 |
|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ类 | 被称为羊毛硫抗生素,含有翻译后修饰的氨基酸,分子量小于5 ku | nisin(乳酸链球菌素),labyrinthopeptins A1(迷宫肽A1),suicin 65(猪链球菌素65),thuricin CD(苏云金素CD),subtilosin A(枯草环肽素A) |
| Ⅱ类 | 耐热性好,疏水性肽,分子量小于10 ku | Pediocin PA-1(片球菌素PA-1),sakicin A(清酒菌素A),leucocin A(明串珠菌素),lakacin A(拉克菌素A),garviecin LG34(加维菌素LG34),lactococcin(乳球菌素),plantaricin A(植物乳杆菌素A),enterocin(肠球菌素) |
| Ⅲ类 | 对热不稳定,分子量大于30 ku | Lysostaphin(溶葡球菌素),enterolysin A(肠球菌溶素A),helveticin(瑞士乳杆菌素) |
| Ⅳ类 | 含有糖或脂类片段的大分子复合物 | Pediocin N5p(片球菌素N5p),lactocin 27(乳杆菌素27),enterocin F4-9(肠球菌素F4-9) |
| 菌株 | 菌株来源 | 抑菌物质 | 对蛋白酶敏感程度 | 抑菌谱 | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 植物乳杆菌B-17 | 新鲜黄瓜、豆芽、萝卜、白菜和酸菜、豆腐乳、萝卜干 | 细菌素 | 对胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K敏感,对胃蛋白酶不敏感 | 金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、产气肠杆菌等 | [ |
| 植物乳杆菌LY-4 | 辽西地区传统发酵酸菜,鲤鱼、鳙鱼、鲫鱼和镜鲤肠道 | 非糖基化类细菌素 | 对中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶敏感,对胃蛋白酶极度敏感 | 阪崎肠杆 | [ |
| 鼠李糖乳杆菌4121 | 婴儿粪便、传统发酵香肠和民间米酒 | 抗菌肽 | 对α-胰凝乳蛋白酶敏感,对胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶不敏感 | 单增李斯特氏菌、大肠埃希菌、沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌等 | [ |
| 副干酪乳杆菌Q-1-4 | 内蒙古牧民自制酸马奶 | 细菌素 | 对胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、蛋白酶K和胃蛋白酶敏感 | 蜡样芽孢杆菌、嗜热脂肪地芽孢杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、荧光假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、沙门氏菌肠亚种等 | [ |
| 乳酸片球菌H-3 | 土壤样品 | 细菌素(片球菌素)、有机酸 | 对蛋白酶K敏感 | 猪霍乱沙门氏菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、福氏志贺氏菌等 | [ |
| 乳酸片球菌H-4 | 土壤样品 | 细菌素(片球菌素)、有机酸 | 对蛋白酶K敏感 | 猪霍乱沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、福氏志贺氏菌等 | [ |
| 嗜酸乳杆菌LA-XH2 | 波兰罗兹技术大学发酵工程与工业微生物系提供 | 细菌素 | 大肠埃希菌JM109 | [ | |
| 戊糖片球菌C-2-1 | 蒙古农户的干酪 | 细菌素、有机酸和过氧化氢 | 对胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、蛋白酶K、中性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶敏感 | 单增李斯特菌ATCC1911 | [ |
| 戊糖片球菌KM9 | 昆明理工大学生科院菌种库 | 蛋白质或肽 | 对蛋白酶K敏感 | 大肠埃希菌O157:H7 | [ |
| 戊糖乳杆菌S1-4 | 内蒙古东部地区传统发酵酸菜汁液 | 细菌素 | 单核细胞增生李斯特菌、绿脓假单胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、大肠埃希菌、肠沙门氏菌肠亚种、荧光假单胞菌等 | [ | |
| 唾液乳杆菌 | 新疆黑鸡唾液 | 有机酸、过氧化氢和蛋白类物质 | 对胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K和木瓜蛋白酶极敏感,对胃蛋白酶不敏感 | 大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25213 | [ |
| 发酵黏液乳杆菌SA3 | 市售农家酸菜和大弹涂鱼肠道 | 有机酸、过氧化氢、细菌素等 | 对蛋白酶K、α-凝乳蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶敏感 | 阪崎肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、大肠埃希菌、单核细胞李斯特氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌等 | [ |
| 牛乳乳酸菌 | 生牛奶 | 胞外多糖 | 蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌等 | [ | |
| 乳酸菌XBMU436-002 | 甘肃省兰州市市售泡菜水 | 胞外多糖 | 大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌 | [ | |
| 植物乳杆菌CNQ3 | 农户发酵蔬菜、腊肉 | 有机酸(乳酸、醋酸、苯乳酸) | 对胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K、蛋白酶E、胃蛋白酶等均不敏感 | 金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、单核增生李斯特菌、藤黄微球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌 | [ |
| 戊糖片球菌KM9 | 昆明理工大学生科院菌种库 | 有机酸 | 单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌 | [ | |
| 发酵乳杆菌KM19 | 昆明理工大学生科院菌种库 | 有机酸 | 大肠埃希菌O157:H7、单核细胞增生李斯特菌 | [ |
表2 乳酸菌分泌的抑菌物质及其特性
Table 2 Antibacterial substances from lactic acid bacteria and their characteristics
| 菌株 | 菌株来源 | 抑菌物质 | 对蛋白酶敏感程度 | 抑菌谱 | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 植物乳杆菌B-17 | 新鲜黄瓜、豆芽、萝卜、白菜和酸菜、豆腐乳、萝卜干 | 细菌素 | 对胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K敏感,对胃蛋白酶不敏感 | 金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、产气肠杆菌等 | [ |
| 植物乳杆菌LY-4 | 辽西地区传统发酵酸菜,鲤鱼、鳙鱼、鲫鱼和镜鲤肠道 | 非糖基化类细菌素 | 对中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶敏感,对胃蛋白酶极度敏感 | 阪崎肠杆 | [ |
| 鼠李糖乳杆菌4121 | 婴儿粪便、传统发酵香肠和民间米酒 | 抗菌肽 | 对α-胰凝乳蛋白酶敏感,对胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶不敏感 | 单增李斯特氏菌、大肠埃希菌、沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌等 | [ |
| 副干酪乳杆菌Q-1-4 | 内蒙古牧民自制酸马奶 | 细菌素 | 对胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、蛋白酶K和胃蛋白酶敏感 | 蜡样芽孢杆菌、嗜热脂肪地芽孢杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、荧光假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、沙门氏菌肠亚种等 | [ |
| 乳酸片球菌H-3 | 土壤样品 | 细菌素(片球菌素)、有机酸 | 对蛋白酶K敏感 | 猪霍乱沙门氏菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、福氏志贺氏菌等 | [ |
| 乳酸片球菌H-4 | 土壤样品 | 细菌素(片球菌素)、有机酸 | 对蛋白酶K敏感 | 猪霍乱沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、福氏志贺氏菌等 | [ |
| 嗜酸乳杆菌LA-XH2 | 波兰罗兹技术大学发酵工程与工业微生物系提供 | 细菌素 | 大肠埃希菌JM109 | [ | |
| 戊糖片球菌C-2-1 | 蒙古农户的干酪 | 细菌素、有机酸和过氧化氢 | 对胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、蛋白酶K、中性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶敏感 | 单增李斯特菌ATCC1911 | [ |
| 戊糖片球菌KM9 | 昆明理工大学生科院菌种库 | 蛋白质或肽 | 对蛋白酶K敏感 | 大肠埃希菌O157:H7 | [ |
| 戊糖乳杆菌S1-4 | 内蒙古东部地区传统发酵酸菜汁液 | 细菌素 | 单核细胞增生李斯特菌、绿脓假单胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、大肠埃希菌、肠沙门氏菌肠亚种、荧光假单胞菌等 | [ | |
| 唾液乳杆菌 | 新疆黑鸡唾液 | 有机酸、过氧化氢和蛋白类物质 | 对胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K和木瓜蛋白酶极敏感,对胃蛋白酶不敏感 | 大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25213 | [ |
| 发酵黏液乳杆菌SA3 | 市售农家酸菜和大弹涂鱼肠道 | 有机酸、过氧化氢、细菌素等 | 对蛋白酶K、α-凝乳蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶敏感 | 阪崎肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、大肠埃希菌、单核细胞李斯特氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌等 | [ |
| 牛乳乳酸菌 | 生牛奶 | 胞外多糖 | 蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌等 | [ | |
| 乳酸菌XBMU436-002 | 甘肃省兰州市市售泡菜水 | 胞外多糖 | 大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌 | [ | |
| 植物乳杆菌CNQ3 | 农户发酵蔬菜、腊肉 | 有机酸(乳酸、醋酸、苯乳酸) | 对胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K、蛋白酶E、胃蛋白酶等均不敏感 | 金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、单核增生李斯特菌、藤黄微球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌 | [ |
| 戊糖片球菌KM9 | 昆明理工大学生科院菌种库 | 有机酸 | 单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌 | [ | |
| 发酵乳杆菌KM19 | 昆明理工大学生科院菌种库 | 有机酸 | 大肠埃希菌O157:H7、单核细胞增生李斯特菌 | [ |
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