浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (7): 1758-1763.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250939

• 资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同施肥方式对稻田径流氮磷流失的调控效应

谢奇玕1(), 洪庆红2()   

  1. 1.武义县粮油技术推广站,浙江 武义 321200
    2.金华职业技术大学 制药工程学院,浙江 金华 321017
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-22 出版日期:2026-07-11 发布日期:2026-07-27
  • 通讯作者: 洪庆红
  • 作者简介:洪庆红,E-mail:1871995710@qq.com
    谢奇玕,从事农业技术推广工作。E-mail:790832590@qq.com

Regulatory effects of different fertilization methods on nitrogen and phosphorus loss via runoff in paddy fields

XIE Qigan1(), HONG Qinghong2()   

  1. 1.Wuyi County Grain and Oil Technology Extension Station,Wuyi 321200,Zhejiang
    2.College of Pharmaceutical Engineering,Jinhua University of Vocational Technology,Jinhua 321017,Zhejiang
  • Received:2025-12-22 Online:2026-07-11 Published:2026-07-27
  • Contact: HONG Qinghong

摘要:

为探索水稻生产与面源污染防控的优化施肥模式,在武义县水稻土区开展早稻?晚稻轮作定位试验,设置常规施肥、主因子优化、综合优化与空白对照4个处理。结果表明:试验期间累计降雨量1 406 mm,引发11场径流,径流系数0.10,稻田蓄水能力明显。降雨输入的氮、磷负荷分别为每667 m2 1.67和0.024 kg。施肥后各处理氮磷流失差异明显,其中常规施肥处理总氮、总磷流失量最高(每667 m2 0.23、0.006 9 kg);主因子优化处理使用稳定性复合肥,使总氮流失量较常规施肥处理降低17.4%;综合优化采用商品有机肥+稳定性复合肥协同施用,总氮流失量与主因子优化持平,硝态氮流失量较常规施肥处理减少33.3%,磷流失量也处于较低水平。研究表明,有机肥配施稳定性化肥能有效减少氮磷径流流失,这为南方水稻区面源污染防控提供技术支撑。

关键词: 水稻, 氮, 磷, 流失, 地表径流

Abstract:

To explore optimal fertilization strategies for rice production and non-point source pollution control,a fixed-site experiment was conducted under an early rice-late rice rotation system in a paddy soil area of Wuyi County. Four treatments were established:conventional fertilization,key-factor optimization,integrated optimization,and a blank control. The results showed that cumulative rainfall during the experimental period was 1 406?mm,which induced 11 runoff events with a runoff coefficient of 0.10,indicating significant water retention capacity of the paddy field. The nitrogen and phosphorus inputs from rainfall were 1.67 and 0.024 kg per 667 m2,respectively. After fertilization,differences in nitrogen and phosphorus losses were observed among treatments. The conventional fertilization treatment exhibited the highest total nitrogen and total phosphorus losses(0.23 and 0.006 9 kg per 667 m2,respectively). The key-factor optimization treatment,which applied stabilized compound fertilizer,reduced total nitrogen loss by 17.4% compared to the conventional fertilization treatment. The integrated optimization treatment,involving the combined application of commercial organic fertilizer and stabilized compound fertilizer,maintained total nitrogen loss at a level comparable to that of the key-factor optimization treatment,while reducing nitrate nitrogen loss by 33.3% compared to the conventional fertilization treatment and keeping phosphorus loss at a relatively low level. The study demonstrates that the combined application of organic manure and stabilized chemical fertilizers can effectively mitigate nitrogen and phosphorus losses via runoff,thereby providing technical support for non-point source pollution control in rice-growing regions of southern China.

Key words: rice, nitrogen, phosphorus, loss, surface runoff

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