浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (8): 1987-1994.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250197

• 植保技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

宜宾烟区青枯病发生规律及影响因素研究

唐明1(), 詹映红1, 鄢敏2, 李石力3, 程智敏1, 李有辉1, 蔡毅1, 李霞1, 杨苹1, 杨懿德2, 杨洋2()   

  1. 1.宜宾市农业科学院,四川 宜宾 644600
    2.四川省烟草公司宜宾市公司,四川 宜宾 644000
    3.西南大学 植物保护学院,重庆 400715
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-21 出版日期:2026-08-11 发布日期:2026-08-20
  • 通讯作者: 杨洋
  • 作者简介:杨洋,E-mail:298989633@qq.com
    唐明,主要从事烟草栽培及病害防治方面研究。E-mail:tym5825@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川省烟草公司科技项目(SCYC202315)

Study on regularity and influencing factors of bacterial wilt in Yibin tobacco-growing area

TANG Ming1(), ZHAN Yinghong1, YAN Min2, LI Shili3, CHENG Zhimin1, LI Youhui1, CAI Yi1, LI Xia1, YANG Ping1, YANG Yide2, YANG Yang2()   

  1. 1.Yibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yibin 644600,Sichuan
    2.Yibin Tobacco Company,Yibin 644000,Sichuan
    3.College of Plant Protection,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715
  • Received:2025-03-21 Online:2026-08-11 Published:2026-08-20
  • Contact: YANG Yang

摘要:

本研究旨在探究宜宾烟区青枯病发生流行规律和影响因素,为烟草青枯病防治提供技术支撑。通过田间普查和系统调查,采集烟草青枯病不同发病程度的根际土壤,测定并分析发病烟株根际土壤与未发病烟株根际土壤在理化性质和微生物群落的差异。结果表明:1)宜宾烟区青枯病于5月下旬至6月上旬开始零星发病,7月上旬进入发病高峰期。青枯病流行速度随降雨量增加而加快。耕作方式和品种对烤烟青枯病发生均有较大影响,其中轮作3 a以上可显著(p<0.05)降低青枯病的发生为害。川烟101对青枯病的抗性最好,湘烟7号和中烟106次之。此外,宜宾烟区的青枯病发病率和病情指数分别为0~18.80%和0~9.91,其中以筠连县和珙县部分烟区发病最重。2)土壤理化性质方面,未发病烟株根际土壤的pH值,及有机质、有效钾、有效磷、交换性钙、交换性镁含量较高,患病烟株根际土壤的碱解氮含量较高。相关分析结果显示,青枯病的发生程度与土壤碱解氮含量呈正相关,而与土壤pH值,及有机质、有效钾、有效磷、交换性钙、交换性镁含量呈负相关。3)根际微生物群落方面,未发病烟株根际土壤中放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)的相对丰度高于发病根际土壤,而雷尔氏菌属(Ralstonia)的相对丰度则远低于严重发病的根际土壤。综上,宜宾烟区的耕作制度,降雨量,烟草品种,土壤pH值,有机质、有效钾、有效磷、交换性钙、交换性镁含量,以及根际土壤中Actinobacteriota、Gemmatimonadota、Sphingomonas的相对丰度是青枯病发生的重要影响因素,碱解氮含量、温度、海拔是青枯病发生的次要影响因素。

关键词: 烟草青枯病, 根际土壤, 土壤理化性质, 微生物群落

Abstract:

This study aimed to explore the epidemic regularity and influencing factors of bacterial wilt in Yibin tobacco area,and provide technical support for tobacco bacterial wilt prevention and control. Through field survey and systematic investigation,the rhizosphere soil with different incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt was collected,and the differences of soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities between rhizosphere soils of diseased and healthy tobacco plants were measured and analyzed. The results showed that:(1)Bacterial wilt in Yibin tobacco-growing area began sporadic onset from late May to early June,and reached its peak in early July. The epidemic rate of bacterial wilt increased with the increase of rainfall. The cultivation methods and varieties had great influence on the occurrence of bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco,and the crop rotation for more than 3 years could significantly (p<0.05) reduce the occurrence of bacterial wilt. The flue-cured tobacco varieties Chuanyan 101 had the best resistance to bacterial wilt,Xiangyan 7 and Zhongyan 106 followed. It was found that the incidence and disease index of bacterial wilt in Junlian County and Junxian County ranged from 0 to 18.80% and 0 to 9.91,respectively,with the highest incidence in Junlian County and Gongxian County.(2)In terms of soil physical and chemical properties,soil pH value,organic matter,available potassium,available phosphorus,exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium contents were higher in the rhizosphere soil of healthy tobacco plants,and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen contents were higher in the rhizosphere soil of diseased tobacco plants. Correlation analysis showed that the occurrence degree of bacterial wilt was positively correlated with soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content,but negatively correlated with soil pH value,organic matter,available potassium,available phosphorus,exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium contents.(3)In terms of rhizosphere microbial community,the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota and Sphingomonas in uninfected rhizosphere soil was higher than that in diseased rhizosphere soil,while the relative abundance of Ralstonia was much lower than that in severely infected rhizosphere soil. In summary,farming system,rainfall,varieties,soil pH value,organic matter,available potassium,available phosphorus,exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium contents and relative abundances ofActinobacteriota,Gemmatimonadota,Sphingomonas in rhizosphere soil in Yibin tobacco-growing area were important factors affecting the occurrence of bacterial wilt,while alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content,temperature and altitude were secondary factors.

Key words: tobacco bacterial wilt, rhizosphere soil, soil physical and chemical property, microbial community

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