浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (2): 495-503.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250818

• 资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

养猪场周边林地抗生素及其抗性基因的污染分布特征

何泉萍1(), 黄亮1, 覃家豪1, 徐冰洁1,2, 王玉艳1, 陈思雨1,2, 杨肖娥3, 刘娣1,2()   

  1. 1.九江学院 资源环境学院,江西 九江 332005
    2.九江市生态环境智能溯源与预警重点实验室,江西 九江 332005
    3.浙江大学 环境与资源学院,污染环境修复与生态健康教育部重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310058
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-04 出版日期:2026-02-28 发布日期:2026-03-07
  • 通讯作者: 刘娣
  • 作者简介:刘娣,E-mail:ldta@163.com
    何泉萍,研究方向为生态风险与环境健康。E-mail:18279920420@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    江西省自然科学基金(20224BAB205050)

Distribution characteristics of antibiotics and their resistance genes in the surrounding forest land of pig farm

HE Quanping1(), HUANG Liang1, QIN Jiahao1, XU Bingjie1,2, WANG Yuyan1, CHEN Siyu1,2, YANG Xiaoe3, LIU Di1,2()   

  1. 1.College of Resources & Environment,Jiujiang University,Jiujiang 332005,Jiangxi
    2.Jiujiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Traceability and Early Warning for Ecological Environment,Jiujiang 332005,Jiangxi
    3.Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health,College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang
  • Received:2025-11-04 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2026-03-07
  • Contact: LIU Di

摘要:

规模化的畜禽养殖会导致周边土壤抗生素残留污染加剧,但对林地土壤中抗生素-微生物-抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的季节性影响尚不清楚。本研究以林地土壤为研究对象,采用液质联用和宏基因组技术,分析了冬季和夏季猪场林地和普通林地(对照)土壤中抗生素残留、微生物群落结构特征、ARGs的丰度特征。结果表明:林地土壤中抗生素主要有四环素、诺氟沙星、磺胺二甲嘧啶、双氯芬酸和氯霉素,抗生素含量基本表现为猪场林地>普通林地,冬季>夏季。与普通林地相比,猪场林地土壤中门水平的微生物群落结构变化较大,冬季为变形菌门和放线菌门相对丰度增加,而夏季为酸杆菌门和浮霉菌门的相对丰度增加。土壤中ARGs以baca(抗杆菌肽类)和mexf(抗氟喹诺酮类)为主,猪场林地土壤细菌中总baca相对丰度较普通林地增加,增加幅度为夏季>冬季。土壤微生物抗性机制以抗生素外排和抗生素靶标改变为主,前者占比为普通林地>猪场林地,后者占比为猪场林地>普通林地。畜禽污染和季节变化是土壤中抗生素及其抗性基因传播和污染的关键因素。

关键词: 猪场, 林地土壤, 抗生素, 微生物群落, 抗生素抗性基因

Abstract:

Large-scale livestock and poultry breeding will lead to the aggravation of antibiotic residue pollution in the surrounding soil,but the seasonal impact on antibiotics-microorganisms-antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in forest soil is still unclear. In this research,forest soils were selected as the study subjects. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and metagenomic technology were used to analyze the antibiotic residues,microbial community structure characteristics,and abundance characteristics of ARGs in soils from both forest land of pig farm and ordinary forest land(CK)during winter and summer. The results showed that the antibiotics in forest soil mainly include tetracycline,norfloxacin,sulfamethoxazole,diclofenac,and chloramphenicol. Antibiotic content generally showed that forest land of pig farm was higher than ordinary forest land,and winter was higher than summer. Compared with ordinary forest land,the microbial community structure at the phylum level in the forest soil of pig farm undergoes significant changes,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota increased in winter,while the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota and Planctomycetota increased in summer. ARGs in the soil were mainly baca(antimicrobial peptides)and mexf(fluoroquinolones). The relative abundance of total baca in soil bacteria in forest land of pig farm increased compared with ordinary forest land,with a greater increase in summer than in winter. The resistance mechanisms of soil microorganisms were mainly through antibiotic efflux and antibiotic target alteration,with the former accounting for a larger proportion in ordinary forest land than in forest land of pig farm,and the latter accounting for a larger proportion in forest land of pig farm than in ordinary forest land. Livestock pollution and seasonal changes are key factors in the transmission and contamination of antibiotics and their resistance genes in soil.

Key words: pig farm, forest soil, antibiotic, microbial community, antibiotic resistance gene

中图分类号: