浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (9): 2285-2289.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20260442

• 畜牧兽医 • 上一篇    下一篇

宁波市贝类五氯苯酚污染特征和膳食暴露风险评估

蒋海(), 郑丹(), 陆爱兰, 吴蓓莉   

  1. 宁波市海洋与渔业研究院,浙江 宁波 315103
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-04 出版日期:2026-09-11 发布日期:2026-09-24
  • 通讯作者: 郑丹
  • 作者简介:郑丹,E-mail:317103638@qq.com。
    蒋海,主要从事水产品药物残留检测工作。E-mail:331906143@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    宁波市公益性科技计划项目(2022S158)

Contamination characteristics and dietary exposure risk assessment of pentachlorophenol in shellfish from Ningbo

JIANG Hai(), ZHENG Dan(), LU Ailan, WU Beili   

  1. Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery,Ningbo 315103,Zhejiang
  • Received:2026-06-04 Online:2026-09-11 Published:2026-09-24
  • Contact: ZHENG Dan

摘要:

为系统全面掌握宁波市主要经济贝类中五氯苯酚的残留状况,评估居民经贝类膳食摄入五氯苯酚的健康风险,本研究采集了宁波市2021—2025年养殖海域及流通市场的贝类样品,检测样本中五氯苯酚含量。采用美国环保署(US EPA)推荐的风险评估模型,结合人口结构、体重及贝类消费情况,计算不同年龄段人群的估计每日摄入量(EDI)、非致癌风险危害商(HQ)和致癌风险评估指数(R),开展暴露评估。共检测553个样品,五氯苯酚5年总平均浓度为0.94 μg·kg-1,历年浓度范围为ND(未检出)~38.6 μg·kg-1,总体呈下降趋势。缢蛏平均浓度(1.28 μg·kg-1)略高于总体均值,其余品种处于较低水平。各年龄段人群HQ为7.0×10-5~9.4×10-5,均远小于1;R为1.4×10-7~1.9×10-7,低于US EPA可接受风险下限(10-6)。不同品种中缢蛏的HQ贡献率最高(45.4%),牡蛎次之(35.5%)。宁波市贝类中五氯苯酚污染水平整体较低,经食用贝类摄入五氯苯酚的非致癌与致癌健康风险均处于安全可控范围。建议持续加强养殖环境监管和清塘用药规范,保障贝类产品质量安全。

关键词: 五氯苯酚, 贝类, 膳食暴露, 风险评估

Abstract:

To systematically and comprehensively understand the residue status of pentachlorophenol(PCP)in major commercial shellfish from Ningbo and to assess the health risk of dietary exposure to PCP via shellfish consumption,shellfish samples were collected from farming areas and markets in Ningbo from 2021 to 2025. The PCP concentrations in the samples were determined. Using the risk assessment model recommended by the US EPA,combined with population structure,body weight,and shellfish consumption,the estimated daily intake(EDI),hazard quotient(HQ)for non-carcinogenic risk,and cancer risk index(R)were calculated for different age groups to conduct exposure assessment. A total of 553 samples were analyzed. The overall mean PCP concentration over the five years was 0.94 μg·kg-1,with annual concentrations ranging from ND to 38.6 μg·kg-1,showing a decreasing trend. The mean concentration in razor clams(1.28 μg·kg-1)was slightly higher than the overall mean,while other species were at relatively low levels. The HQ for all age groups ranged from 7.0×10-5 to 9.4×10-5,all far below 1. R ranged from 1.4×10-7 to 1.9×10-7,below the lower bound of the US EPA acceptable risk range(10-6). Among different shellfish species,razor clams made the highest contribution to HQ(45.4%),followed by oysters(35.5%). The contamination level of pentachlorophenol in shellfish from Ningbo is generally low,and both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks from dietary exposure via shellfish consumption are within safe and controllable limits. It is recommended to continuously strengthen the supervision of farming environments and regulate the use of pond-cleaning chemicals to ensure the quality and safety of shellfish products.

Key words: pentachlorophenol, shellfish, dietary exposure, risk assessment

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