蚯蚓对草甘膦残留土壤细菌群落及土壤健康的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250306

浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (10): 2541-2552.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250306

蚯蚓对草甘膦残留土壤细菌群落及土壤健康的影响

常一笑¹^,²^,³(), 许佳扬¹^,², 支丽英¹^,²^,⁴, 李健¹^,², 金明康²^,⁵(), 丁恺¹^,²()

^1.中国科学院城市环境研究所，区域与城市生态安全全国重点实验室，福建厦门 361021
^2.中国科学院大学，北京 101408
^3.福建农林大学资源与环境学院，福建福州 350000
^4.福建农林大学菌草与生态学院，福建福州 350000
^5.中国科学院生态环境研究中心，北京 101408

收稿日期:2025-04-21 出版日期:2026-10-11 发布日期:2026-10-19
通讯作者: 金明康,丁恺
作者简介:丁恺，E-mail：kding@iue.ac.cn。
金明康，E-mail：mkjin@rcees.ac.cn
常一笑，从事土壤微生物研究工作。E-mail：yxchang@iue.ac.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1701703);宁波市科技创新2025年重大专项(2022Z169)

Effects of earthworms on bacterial communities and soil health in glyphosate-residual soil

CHANG Yixiao¹^,²^,³(), XU Jiayang¹^,², ZHI Liying¹^,²^,⁴, LI Jian¹^,², JIN Mingkang²^,⁵(), DING Kai¹^,²()

^1.State Key Laboratory of Regional and Urban Ecology，Institute of Urban Environment，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Xiamen 361021，Fujian
^2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 101408
^3.College of Resources and Environment，Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University，Fuzhou 350000，Fujian
^4.College of Juncao Science and Ecology，Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University，Fuzhou 350000，Fujian
^5.Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 101408

Received:2025-04-21 Online:2026-10-11 Published:2026-10-19
Contact: JIN Mingkang,DING Kai

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

草甘膦是全球使用最广泛的除草剂之一，但其在土壤中的残留可能导致土壤质量退化及抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的传播，进而影响土壤健康。本研究以赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）为对象，依据环境残留现状设置2种不同的草甘膦残留量（0.5和2.0 mg·kg^-1），探究草甘膦残留条件下蚯蚓活动对土壤养分、细菌群落及ARGs的影响。结果表明，蚯蚓活动改善了土壤质量，促进了有机质矿化，增加了无机氮积累，并改变了细菌群落结构。此外，蚯蚓活动提高了土壤细菌多样性，抑制了病原菌丰度，降低了ARGs丰度，且削弱了病原菌与ARGs的相互作用网络。功能预测结果显示，蚯蚓活动显著（p<0.05）增加了外源物质代谢相关基因的丰度，增幅为8.61%，这可能是土壤细菌降解草甘膦能力增强的关键机制。本研究通过蚯蚓活动下土壤理化特性、细菌群落结构及ARGs的相互作用网络动态变化，阐明了蚯蚓改善草甘膦残留土壤健康状况的作用机制，为基于生物调控的土壤健康评估体系构建提供了理论依据和数据支持。

关键词: 草甘膦, 蚯蚓, 土壤细菌群落, 抗生素抗性基因, 土壤健康, 宏基因组

Abstract:

Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides globally，but its residues in soil may lead to soil quality degradation and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes（ARGs），thereby affecting soil health. This study used Eisenia fetida as the test subject and set two different glyphosate residue levels（0.5 and 2.0 mg·kg^-1）based on current environmental residue conditions to investigate the effects of earthworm activity on soil nutrients，bacterial communities，and ARGs under glyphosate residue. The results showed that earthworm activity improved soil quality by promoting organic matter mineralization and increasing inorganic nitrogen accumulation. Additionally，earthworm activity altered the soil bacterial community structure，enhanced bacterial diversity，and reduced the abundance of pathogenic bacteria and ARGs. The interaction network between pathogenic bacteria and ARGs was also weakened. Functional prediction indicated that earthworm activity significantly（p<0.05）increased the abundance of genes related to xenobiotic metabolism，with an increase of 8.61%，which may be a key mechanism enhancing the soil bacteria's ability to degrade glyphosate. This study elucidates the mechanism by which earthworms improve the health of glyphosate-contaminated soil through dynamic changes in soil physicochemical properties，bacterial community structure，and the interaction network of ARGs. The findings provide theoretical and data support for the development of a bio-regulation-based soil health assessment system.

Key words: glyphosate, earthworm, soil bacterial community, antibiotic resistance gene, soil health, metagenome

中图分类号:

S154.3

常一笑, 许佳扬, 支丽英, 李健, 金明康, 丁恺. 蚯蚓对草甘膦残留土壤细菌群落及土壤健康的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2026, 67(10): 2541-2552.

CHANG Yixiao, XU Jiayang, ZHI Liying, LI Jian, JIN Mingkang, DING Kai. Effects of earthworms on bacterial communities and soil health in glyphosate-residual soil[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(10): 2541-2552.

图/表 8

图1 蚯蚓活动对草甘膦残留土壤理化性质的影响柱上无相同小写字母表示有蚯蚓处理间存在显著差异（p<0.05），无相同大写字母表示无蚯蚓处理间存在显著差异（p<0.05）。“*”表示显著（p<0.05）差异，“**”、“***”表示极显著（**，p<0.01；***，p<0.001）差异。下同。

Fig.1 The effect of earthworm activity on the physicochemical properties of soil containing glyphosate residues

图2 蚯蚓活动对草甘膦残留土壤细菌群落的影响a，香农指数；b，主坐标分析；c，门水平微生物的相对丰度；d，无蚯蚓土壤细菌种水平三元图。

Fig.2 The effect of earthworm activity on the bacterial community in soil containing glyphosate residues

图3 土壤病原菌火山图Streptomyces xiamenensis，厦门链霉菌；Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans，伴放线杆菌；Mycobacterium malmoense，玛尔摩分枝杆菌； Staphylococcus pseudintermedius，假中间葡萄球菌；Streptococcus constellatus，星座链球菌；Mycobacterium marinum，海分枝杆菌；Isoptericola variabilis，变异白蚁菌；Erwinia billingiae，比氏欧文氏菌；Pseudomonas corrugata，皱纹假单胞菌；Streptomyces parvulus，微小链霉菌； Pseudomonas taiwanensis，台湾假单胞菌；Neisseria animaloris，动物口腔奈瑟菌；Corynebacterium epidermidicanis，表皮棒杆菌；Treponema primitia，优果密螺旋体；Rouxiella chamberiensis，鲁西氏菌；Clostridium saccharobutylicum，糖丁酸梭菌；Legionella fallonii，法洛军团菌； Neisseria sicca，干燥奈瑟菌；Bordetella pseudohinzii，伪欣氏鲍特菌；Gordonia terrae，土地戈登氏菌；Vibrio anguillarum，鳗弧菌； Mycobacteroides immunogenum，免疫原分枝杆菌；Empedobacter brevis，短杆菌；Klebsiella aerogenes，产气克雷伯菌；Citrobacter tructae，鳟鱼柠檬酸杆菌；Sphingomonas rhizophila，嗜根鞘氨醇单胞菌；Proteus vulgaris，普通变形杆菌；Pseudomonas mosselii，摩氏假单胞菌；Tatumella ptyseos，痰塔特姆氏菌；Empedobacter falsenii，假肠杆菌；Cronobacter universalis，广泛克罗诺杆菌；Burkholderia lata，宽广伯克霍尔德氏菌；Parabacteroides johnsonii，约氏副拟杆菌；Clostridium pasteurianum，巴氏梭菌；Leptospira borgpetersenii，博氏钩端螺旋体；Corynebacterium marinum，海洋棒杆菌；Bacteroides fragilis，脆弱拟杆菌；Trueperella pyogenes，化脓隐秘杆菌；Pantoea rwandensis，卢旺达泛菌； Mycolicibacterium mageritense，马格里特分枝杆菌；Acinetobacter bouvetii，包氏不动杆菌；Comamonas serinivorans，食丝丛毛单胞菌； Pandoraea pnomenusa，潘多拉菌；Clostridium sporogenes，生孢梭菌；Shewanella marisflavi，黄海希瓦氏菌；Alteromonas mediterranea，地中海交替单胞菌；Mycobacterium xenopi，蟾分枝杆菌；Acinetobacter wanghuae，旺华不动杆菌；Burkholderia dolosa，多洛伯克霍尔德氏菌；Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica，污蝇杆菌；Bifidobacterium longum，长双歧杆菌；Streptomyces lividans，浅青紫链霉菌。

Fig.3 The volcano image of soil pathogen

图4 蚯蚓活动土壤对病原菌-ARGs网络的影响a，有蚯蚓土壤病原菌-ARGs网络；b，有蚯蚓土壤网络关键节点；c，无蚯蚓土壤病原菌-ARGs网络；d，无蚯蚓土壤网络关键节点。

Fig.4 Effect of earthworm activity on the network of soil pathogenic bacteria-ARGs associations

图5 不同处理下的土壤ARGs药物类别与抗性机制组成特征a，ARGs药物类别丰度；b，ARGs药物类别数量；c，ARGs药物类别作用机制丰度；d，ARGs药物类别作用机制数量。

Fig.5 Compositional characteristics of soil ARGs by drug class and resistance mechanism under different treatment conditions

图6 不同处理下的土壤ARGs差异火山图

Fig.6 The volcano of soil ARGs under different treatments

图7 蚯蚓活动对土壤MAGs系统发育及抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）、可移动遗传元件（MGEs）、毒力因子基因（VFGs）携带特征的影响

Fig.7 Effect of earthworm activity on the phylogeny and carrying characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes（ARGs），mobile genetic elements（MGEs），virulence factor genes（VFGs）in soil MAGs

图8 不同处理下土壤微生物的KEGG功能注释

Fig. 8 KEGG functional annotation of soil microbiota under different treatments

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蚯蚓对草甘膦残留土壤细菌群落及土壤健康的影响

Effects of earthworms on bacterial communities and soil health in glyphosate-residual soil

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