3种缓控释肥不同施肥模式对小麦产量及经济效益的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230147

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解不同缓控释肥对小麦生产节本、增产、增效的应用效果,探索不同的施肥模式对产量和效益的影响,研究不同缓控释肥在江都区小麦生产中的配套应用技术,以中筋小麦品种扬辐麦4号为材料,分别选用3种小麦缓控释肥,设置2个播期,进行了缓释肥不同配比试验。结果表明:小麦生产中缓控释肥有缓、控释放养分的能力,可改变传统的多次施肥习惯,3种缓控释肥作基肥与追肥二次施用,合理配比均可省工节本,增产增效。在等氮的前提下,缓控释肥+尿素基施、复合肥+尿素孕穗期追施比常规施肥增产增效,不建议缓释肥在小麦生产中一次性基施,虽可省工,但不节本,由于小麦生育期长,后期肥效接不上,易缺肥早衰,影响产量。在适期播种中汉枫缓控释肥增产增效最明显,汉枫缓控释肥+尿素基施、复合肥+尿素孕穗期追施处理,产量第二,效益第一;在晚播中,茂施缓控释肥增产增效略胜汉枫,茂施缓控释肥+尿素基施、复合肥+尿素孕穗期追施处理,产量第一,效益第一。不同播期在等氮量的前提下,基肥用缓控释肥与速效尿素配比施用,可明显降低成本,提高经济效益。

关键词: 缓控释肥, 小麦, 播期, 产量, 效益

Abstract:

In order to understand the application effects of different slow-release fertilizers on wheat production cost saving, yield increase and efficiency increase, and to explore the effects of different fertilization modes on yield and efficiency, the supporting application technologies of different slow-release fertilizers in wheat production in Jiangdu District were studied. The results showed that the slow-release fertilizer had the ability to slow down and control the release of nutrients in wheat production, which could change the traditional habit of multiple fertilization, and the three kinds of slow-release fertilizer were used as basal fertilizer and top dressing for secondary application, and the reasonable ratio could save labor and cost, increase yield and efficiency. Under the premise of equal nitrogen, slow-release fertilizer + urea base application, compound fertilizer + urea booting stage topdressing was more effective than conventional fertilization to increase yield and efficiency, it was not recommended that slow-release fertilizer in wheat production one-time base application, it can save labor, but it can't save cost, due to the long growth period of wheat, the fertilizer effect in the later stage can not be connected, it was easy to lack fertilizer and premature aging, affect the yield. In the appropriate sowing period, the yield and efficiency increase of Hanfeng slow-release fertilizer was the most obvious, and the topdressing treatment of slow-release fertilizer + urea base application and compound fertilizer + urea booting stage was the second in yield and the first in benefit. Under the premise of equal nitrogen content on different sowing dates, the application of slow-release fertilizer and fast-acting urea in the ratio of base fertilizer can significantly reduce costs and improve economic benefits.

Key words: slow-release fertilizer, wheat, sowing date, yield, benefit

中图分类号:

S512.1

辛海滨, 杨绪清, 徐瑞衡, 王颖, 张彦, 范晓凯. 3种缓控释肥不同施肥模式对小麦产量及经济效益的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(3): 505-512.

XIN Haibin, YANG Xuqing, XU Ruiheng, WANG Ying, ZHANG Yan, FAN Xiaokai. Effects of different fertilization patterns of three slow-releasefertilizers on wheat yield and economic benefits[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(3): 505-512.

图/表 6

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播期 (月-日)	处理	基肥					分蘖肥		孕穗肥			N	P₂O₅	K₂O
播期 (月-日)	处理	尿素	复合肥	汉枫	沃夫特	茂施	尿素	汉枫	尿素	复合肥	汉枫	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
11-05	1	0	40.0	0	0	0	10.4	0	12.4	10.0	0	18.0	7.5	7.5
	2	0	0	69.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	18.0	8.3	8.3
	3	0	0	41.5	0	0	0	0	15.7	0	0	18.0	5.0	5.0
	4	6.2	0	30.0	0	0	0	0	12.4	10.0	0	18.0	5.1	5.1
	5	0	0	41.5	0	0	0	27.7	0	0	0	18.0	8.3	8.3
	6	0	0	37.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	24.9	16.2	7.5	7.5
	7	0	0	37.4	0	0	0	0	24.9	0	0	16.2	4.5	4.5
	8	0	0	0	0	43.2	15.7	0	0	0	0	18.0	6.5	2.6
	9	7.2	0	0	0	30.0	0	0	12.4	10.0	0	18.0	6.0	3.3
	10	7.2	0	0	30.0	0	0	0	12.4	10.0	0	18.0	6.0	3.3
	11	0	0	0	43.2	0	15.7	0	0	0	0	18.0	6.5	2.6
	CK	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
12-01	1	0	40.0	0	0	0	10.4	0	12.4	10.0	0	18.0	7.5	7.5
	2	0	0	69.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	18.0	8.3	8.3
	3	0	0	41.5	0	0	0	0	15.7	0	0	18.0	5.0	5.0
	4	6.2	0	30.0	0	0	0	0	12.4	10.0	0	18.0	5.1	5.1
	5	0	0	41.5	0	0	0	27.7	0	0	0	18.0	8.3	8.3
	6	0	0	37.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	24.9	16.2	7.5	7.5
	7	0	0	37.4	0	0	0	0	24.9	0	0	16.2	4.5	4.5
	8	0	0	0	0	43.2	15.7	0	0	0	0	18.0	6.5	2.6
	9	7.2	0	0	0	30.0	0	0	12.4	10.0	0	18.0	6.0	3.3
	10	7.2	0	0	30.0	0	0	0	12.4	10.0	0	18.0	6.0	3.3
	11	0	0	0	43.2	0	15.7	0	0	0	0	18.0	6.5	2.6
	CK	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

播期 (月-日)	处理	基肥					分蘖肥		孕穗肥			N	P₂O₅	K₂O
播期 (月-日)	处理	尿素	复合肥	汉枫	沃夫特	茂施	尿素	汉枫	尿素	复合肥	汉枫	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
11-05	1	0	40.0	0	0	0	10.4	0	12.4	10.0	0	18.0	7.5	7.5
	2	0	0	69.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	18.0	8.3	8.3
	3	0	0	41.5	0	0	0	0	15.7	0	0	18.0	5.0	5.0
	4	6.2	0	30.0	0	0	0	0	12.4	10.0	0	18.0	5.1	5.1
	5	0	0	41.5	0	0	0	27.7	0	0	0	18.0	8.3	8.3
	6	0	0	37.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	24.9	16.2	7.5	7.5
	7	0	0	37.4	0	0	0	0	24.9	0	0	16.2	4.5	4.5
	8	0	0	0	0	43.2	15.7	0	0	0	0	18.0	6.5	2.6
	9	7.2	0	0	0	30.0	0	0	12.4	10.0	0	18.0	6.0	3.3
	10	7.2	0	0	30.0	0	0	0	12.4	10.0	0	18.0	6.0	3.3
	11	0	0	0	43.2	0	15.7	0	0	0	0	18.0	6.5	2.6
	CK	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
12-01	1	0	40.0	0	0	0	10.4	0	12.4	10.0	0	18.0	7.5	7.5
	2	0	0	69.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	18.0	8.3	8.3
	3	0	0	41.5	0	0	0	0	15.7	0	0	18.0	5.0	5.0
	4	6.2	0	30.0	0	0	0	0	12.4	10.0	0	18.0	5.1	5.1
	5	0	0	41.5	0	0	0	27.7	0	0	0	18.0	8.3	8.3
	6	0	0	37.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	24.9	16.2	7.5	7.5
	7	0	0	37.4	0	0	0	0	24.9	0	0	16.2	4.5	4.5
	8	0	0	0	0	43.2	15.7	0	0	0	0	18.0	6.5	2.6
	9	7.2	0	0	0	30.0	0	0	12.4	10.0	0	18.0	6.0	3.3
	10	7.2	0	0	30.0	0	0	0	12.4	10.0	0	18.0	6.0	3.3
	11	0	0	0	43.2	0	15.7	0	0	0	0	18.0	6.5	2.6
	CK	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

播期 (月-日)	处理	667 m²茎蘖数/万						出苗率/ %	茎蘖成穗率/%
播期 (月-日)	处理	基本苗	12月17日	1月17日	2月17日	3月17日	成熟期	出苗率/ %	茎蘖成穗率/%
11-05	1	16.14	21.49	24.32	50.41	42.40	29.98	58.69	59.47
	2	16.55	23.35	23.83	49.64	43.14	30.01	60.18	60.46
	3	16.51	22.22	21.44	47.46	45.91	29.18	60.04	61.48
	4	16.02	22.01	19.46	47.99	46.62	30.14	58.25	62.80
	5	15.91	22.65	20.53	46.02	45.57	29.65	57.85	64.43
	6	15.91	22.64	19.81	41.46	39.09	28.54	57.85	68.84
	7	16.23	21.58	18.76	43.94	37.97	28.75	59.02	65.43
	8	16.47	23.04	18.99	46.96	41.45	29.71	59.89	63.27
	9	16.60	22.55	19.36	42.73	49.70	29.61	60.36	69.30
	10	16.00	22.90	20.12	43.34	43.57	29.87	58.18	68.92
	11	16.62	23.01	18.84	41.83	44.17	29.71	60.44	67.26
	CK	16.34	17.32	16.67	26.52	33.33	18.34	59.42	55.03
12-01	1	20.76		20.76	43.37	40.17	31.08	51.90	71.66
	2	20.51		20.51	47.23	40.79	30.95	51.28	65.53
	3	20.88		20.88	49.36	40.48	30.84	52.20	62.48
	4	20.98		20.98	50.39	35.54	30.48	52.45	60.49
	5	20.52		20.52	46.27	38.93	31.16	51.30	67.34
	6	20.43		20.43	41.21	44.80	30.26	51.08	73.43
	7	20.76		20.76	40.90	37.70	29.81	51.90	72.89
	8	20.47		20.47	45.45	36.46	30.81	51.18	67.79
	9	20.21		20.21	48.74	34.92	31.03	50.53	63.66
	10	20.83		20.83	47.83	42.19	30.22	52.08	63.18
	11	20.44		20.44	46.88	40.79	29.68	51.10	63.31
	CK	20.38		20.38	24.41	32.44	18.41	50.95	56.75

播期 (月-日)	处理	667 m²茎蘖数/万						出苗率/ %	茎蘖成穗率/%
播期 (月-日)	处理	基本苗	12月17日	1月17日	2月17日	3月17日	成熟期	出苗率/ %	茎蘖成穗率/%
11-05	1	16.14	21.49	24.32	50.41	42.40	29.98	58.69	59.47
	2	16.55	23.35	23.83	49.64	43.14	30.01	60.18	60.46
	3	16.51	22.22	21.44	47.46	45.91	29.18	60.04	61.48
	4	16.02	22.01	19.46	47.99	46.62	30.14	58.25	62.80
	5	15.91	22.65	20.53	46.02	45.57	29.65	57.85	64.43
	6	15.91	22.64	19.81	41.46	39.09	28.54	57.85	68.84
	7	16.23	21.58	18.76	43.94	37.97	28.75	59.02	65.43
	8	16.47	23.04	18.99	46.96	41.45	29.71	59.89	63.27
	9	16.60	22.55	19.36	42.73	49.70	29.61	60.36	69.30
	10	16.00	22.90	20.12	43.34	43.57	29.87	58.18	68.92
	11	16.62	23.01	18.84	41.83	44.17	29.71	60.44	67.26
	CK	16.34	17.32	16.67	26.52	33.33	18.34	59.42	55.03
12-01	1	20.76		20.76	43.37	40.17	31.08	51.90	71.66
	2	20.51		20.51	47.23	40.79	30.95	51.28	65.53
	3	20.88		20.88	49.36	40.48	30.84	52.20	62.48
	4	20.98		20.98	50.39	35.54	30.48	52.45	60.49
	5	20.52		20.52	46.27	38.93	31.16	51.30	67.34
	6	20.43		20.43	41.21	44.80	30.26	51.08	73.43
	7	20.76		20.76	40.90	37.70	29.81	51.90	72.89
	8	20.47		20.47	45.45	36.46	30.81	51.18	67.79
	9	20.21		20.21	48.74	34.92	31.03	50.53	63.66
	10	20.83		20.83	47.83	42.19	30.22	52.08	63.18
	11	20.44		20.44	46.88	40.79	29.68	51.10	63.31
	CK	20.38		20.38	24.41	32.44	18.41	50.95	56.75

播期 (月-日)	处理	叶龄
播期 (月-日)	处理	12月17日	1月17日	2月17日	3月17日	成熟期
11-05	1	3.7	4.9	6.5	9.8	10.9
	2	3.9	5.2	6.8	9.8	11.0
	3	3.7	4.9	6.7	9.8	11.2
	4	3.7	4.9	6.7	9.6	11.1
	5	3.7	4.9	6.6	9.6	11.0
	6	3.7	4.8	6.5	9.8	10.9
	7	3.7	4.8	6.5	9.8	10.9
	8	3.7	4.9	6.9	10.0	11.3
	9	3.7	4.9	6.9	9.5	11.1
	10	3.7	4.9	6.8	9.9	11.0
	11	3.7	4.9	6.8	9.6	11.0
	CK	3.5	4.6	6.1	9.4	10.6
12-01	1		2.3	5.3	7.2	9.9
	2		2.5	5.4	7.3	9.9
	3		2.4	5.3	7.2	10.0
	4		2.3	5.2	7.1	10.0
	5		2.4	5.2	7.2	9.9
	6		2.4	5.2	7.1	9.8
	7		2.4	5.2	7.1	9.8
	8		2.4	5.2	7.2	10.0
	9		2.4	5.2	7.1	10.0
	10		2.4	5.2	7.2	10.0
	11		2.4	5.1	7.3	10.0
	CK		2.4	4.9	6.8	9.6