大棚栽培和仿野生栽培赤芝比较

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231080

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以椴木赤芝、袋料赤芝为材料,分别进行大棚栽培和林下仿野生栽培管理,比较分析不同栽培方式和栽培原料对赤芝生长周期、子实体农艺性状及营养成分含量的影响,讨论赤芝成熟期不同采收时间对大棚栽培赤芝子实体和孢子粉营养成分的影响。结果表明,仿野生栽培的赤芝现蕾早,但生长总周期比大棚栽培赤芝长;相同栽培模式下,椴木赤芝较袋料赤芝在农艺性状上表现更好;相同栽培原料下,林下仿野生栽培赤芝的多糖、三萜及甾醇含量较高;成熟早期收获的子实体多糖含量最高,之后缓慢下降,三萜及甾醇含量则相反;成熟早期收集的孢子粉多糖、三萜及甾醇含量最高。本试验初步为赤芝栽培原料、栽培方式、采收时间优化提供了科学依据。

关键词: 赤芝, 大棚栽培, 仿野生栽培, 比较分析

Abstract:

Basswood Ganoderma lucidum and bag Ganoderma lucidum were used as materials to carry out greenhouse cultivation and understory imitation wild cultivation management. The effects of cultivation methods and materials on the growth cycle, fruiting body agronomic traits and nutrient content of Ganoderma lucidum were compared, and the effects of harvest time during the maturity period of Ganoderma lucidum on the nutrient composition of fruiting body and spore powder cultivated in greenhouses were discussed. The results showed that the understory imitation wild cultivated Ganoderma lucidum bud earlier, but the total growth cycle was longer than that of the greenhouse cultivation. Under the same cultivation mode, the agronomic traits of basswood Ganoderma lucidum were better than those of bag material. With the same cultivation materials, the contents of polysaccharides, triterpenoids and sterols in the understory imitation wild cultivated Ganoderma lucidum were higher. The content of polysaccharides in fruiting bodies harvested at the early stage was the highest, and then decreased slowly, while the content of triterpenes and sterols was the opposite. The spore powder collected in the early stage had the highest content of polysaccharides, triterpenoids and sterols. This experiment preliminarily provided a scientific basis for the optimization of cultivation materials, cultivation methods and harvesting time of Ganoderma lucidum.

Key words: Ganoderma lucidum, greenhouse cultivation, understory imitation wild cultivation, comparative analysis

中图分类号:

S567.3+1

冯卿. 大棚栽培和仿野生栽培赤芝比较[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(3): 627-632.

FENG Qing. Comparative experiment on greenhouse cultivation and wild cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(3): 627-632.

图/表 7

参考文献 14

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栽培方式	栽培原料	单芝鲜重/g	伞盖宽径/cm	伞盖窄径/cm	伞盖厚度/mm	芝柄长度/cm	芝柄直径/mm
大棚栽培	椴木	160.03±70.71 A a	13.17±1.86 A a	6.43±0.82 B b	11.23±0.41 A a	7.93±0.89 A a	19.63±3.94 A a
仿野生栽培	椴木	85.03±35.01 A b	13.20±2.24 A a	10.01±2.92 A a	9.20±0.56 B b	6.83±0.86 A b	15.17±2.96 B b
大棚栽培	袋料	27.60±14.06 B c	8.19±1.66 B b	4.54±0.89 C c	11.68±0.92 A a	6.22±1.11 A c	10.42±2.48 C c
仿野生栽培	袋料	31.41±12.60 B c	8.63±1.81 B b	4.93±0.79 C c	9.54±0.67 B b	5.41±1.65 A c	11.15±1.82 C c

栽培方式	栽培原料	单芝鲜重/g	伞盖宽径/cm	伞盖窄径/cm	伞盖厚度/mm	芝柄长度/cm	芝柄直径/mm
大棚栽培	椴木	160.03±70.71 A a	13.17±1.86 A a	6.43±0.82 B b	11.23±0.41 A a	7.93±0.89 A a	19.63±3.94 A a
仿野生栽培	椴木	85.03±35.01 A b	13.20±2.24 A a	10.01±2.92 A a	9.20±0.56 B b	6.83±0.86 A b	15.17±2.96 B b
大棚栽培	袋料	27.60±14.06 B c	8.19±1.66 B b	4.54±0.89 C c	11.68±0.92 A a	6.22±1.11 A c	10.42±2.48 C c
仿野生栽培	袋料	31.41±12.60 B c	8.63±1.81 B b	4.93±0.79 C c	9.54±0.67 B b	5.41±1.65 A c	11.15±1.82 C c

采收日期	单芝鲜重/g	伞盖宽径/cm	伞盖窄径/cm	伞盖厚度/mm	芝柄长度/cm	芝柄直径/mm
2022-08-26	160.03±70.71 a	13.17±1.86 a	6.43±0.82 a	11.23±0.41 b	7.93±0.89 a	19.63±3.94 a
2022-09-07	109.69±52.97 a	12.44±3.17 a	6.75±1.41 a	12.35±1.53 b	7.25±0.93 a	17.56±3.80 ab
2022-09-19	111.79±52.18 a	12.56±1.72 a	6.06±1.35 a	15.40±2.80 a	7.58±0.55 a	14.82±2.89 b

采收日期	单芝鲜重/g	伞盖宽径/cm	伞盖窄径/cm	伞盖厚度/mm	芝柄长度/cm	芝柄直径/mm
2022-08-26	160.03±70.71 a	13.17±1.86 a	6.43±0.82 a	11.23±0.41 b	7.93±0.89 a	19.63±3.94 a
2022-09-07	109.69±52.97 a	12.44±3.17 a	6.75±1.41 a	12.35±1.53 b	7.25±0.93 a	17.56±3.80 ab
2022-09-19	111.79±52.18 a	12.56±1.72 a	6.06±1.35 a	15.40±2.80 a	7.58±0.55 a	14.82±2.89 b

栽培方式	栽培原料	一潮子实体		二潮子实体		单芝孢子粉鲜重/g	孢子粉生物学效率/%
栽培方式	栽培原料	单芝鲜重/g	生物学效率/%	单芝鲜重/g	生物学效率/%	单芝孢子粉鲜重/g	孢子粉生物学效率/%
大棚栽培	袋料	27.60	2.21	13.82	1.11	4.83	0.39
大棚栽培	椴木	160.03	5.33	116.02	3.87	19.20	0.64
仿野生栽培	袋料	31.41	2.51	20.17	1.61
仿野生栽培	椴木	85.03	2.83	80.54	2.68