台基材质对中蜂蜂王培育的影响研究

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240644

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蜂王对蜂群发展至关重要。为了探究台基材质对中蜂蜂王培育的影响,优化中蜂人工育王技术,本研究开展了不同材质台基对中蜂蜂王培育的影响,比较塑料台基、中蜂蜡质台基及意蜂蜡质台基培育蜂王的初生重、出房率及形态指标。试验结果表明,意蜂蜡质台基、中蜂蜡质台基和塑料蜡质台基的蜂王出房率为73.33%、70.56%和50.56%,无显著差异(P>0.05);中蜂蜡质台基蜂王初生重为185.43 g,意蜂蜡质台基为183.63 g,塑料台基为179.62 g,无显著差异(P>0.05);使用意蜂蜡质台基的蜂王股节长、第四背板长、头长及上颚长显著高于塑料台基(P<0.05),但与中蜂蜡质台基培育的蜂王各指标(除上颚长)的差异不显著(P>0.05)。使用中蜂蜡质台基培育的蜂王的第三背板长要显著高于塑料台基(P<0.05),但与意蜂蜡质台基差异不显著(P>0.05)。使用塑料台基培育的蜂王的头宽显著高于意蜂蜡质台基(P<0.05),但与中蜂蜡质台基的差异不显著(P>0.05)。意蜂蜡质台基培育的蜂王的上颚长显著高于中蜂台基与塑料台基(P<0.05)。台基材质会影响王台高度,对中蜂蜂王的出房率以及初生重无明显影响,但是对出房蜂王的形态有着显著的影响,结果显示,不同材质台基基本不会影响中蜂蜂王的培育。

关键词: 蜂王, 台基材质, 塑料, 人工育王

Abstract:

The queen bee is crucial to the development of the bee colony. To explore the influence of cup material on the rearing of Apis cerana and optimize the artificial queen rearing technology of Apis cerana, this study conducted the effects of different cup materials including plastic, Chinese bee wax, and Italian bee wax, on the rearing of Apis cerana, and compared the birth weight, emergence rate and morphological indicators of Apis cerana. It was found that the emergence rates of queen bees reared on Italian bee wax, Chinese bee wax, and plastic cups were 73.33%, 70.56%, and 50.56%, respectively, with no significant difference(P>0.05). Similarly, the birth weights of queen bees reared on Chinese bee wax, Italian bee wax, and plastic cups were 185.43, 183.63, and 179.62 g, respectively, also with no significant difference(P>0.05).The queen bee, when reared in an Italian bee wax cup, exhibited significantly elongated femur, fourth tergite, head, and upper jaw in comparison to those reared in a plastic cup (P<0.05)and there was no significant difference when compared to those reared in a Chinese bee wax cup (P>0.05)(except the upper jaw length). In contrast, the queen bee reared in a Chinese bee wax cup demonstrated significantly extended third tergites compared with those reared in a plastic cup (P<0.05), yet no significant difference was noted when compared with those reared in an Italian bee cup (P>0.05). Queen bees reared on plastic cell cups had significantly wider heads than those on Italian bee wax cups (P<0.05), but showed no significant difference when compared with those on Chinese bee wax cups (P>0.05). Queens on Italian bee wax cups had significantly longer upper jaw than those on Chinese bee wax or plastic cups (P<0.05). Cup materials influenced the height and morphology of queen bee but had no effect on their emergence rate or birth weight. Despite these changes, the materials did not impact the cultivation process of Apis cerana queens.

Key words: queen, cup material, plastic, artificial queen rearing

中图分类号:

S894

陈道印, 苏晓玲, 黄知楚, 罗谷辉, 方金宝, 赵东绪. 台基材质对中蜂蜂王培育的影响研究[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(7): 1759-1763.

CHEN Daoyin, SU Xiaoling, HUANG Zhichu, LUO Guhui, FANG Jinbao, ZHAO Dongxu. Effect of various cup materials on rearing queens of Apis cerana[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(7): 1759-1763.

图/表 3

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台基材质	蜂王出房率/ %	王台高度/ mm	蜂王初生重/ g
塑料	73.33±8.89 a	18.46±0.96 ab	179.62±10.05 a
中蜂蜡质	70.56±9.62 a	17.63±1.94 bc	185.43±15.18 a
意蜂蜡质	50.56±8.33 a	17.42±0.97 c	183.63±16.59 a

台基材质	蜂王出房率/ %	王台高度/ mm	蜂王初生重/ g
塑料	73.33±8.89 a	18.46±0.96 ab	179.62±10.05 a
中蜂蜡质	70.56±9.62 a	17.63±1.94 bc	185.43±15.18 a
意蜂蜡质	50.56±8.33 a	17.42±0.97 c	183.63±16.59 a

台基材质	翅长	翅宽	跗节长	跗节宽	右后足胫节长	股节长
塑料	9.168±0.357 a	3.096±0.104 a	2.048±0.064 a	0.988±0.057 a	3.410±0.142 a	3.012±0.019 b
中蜂蜡质	9.271±0.260 a	3.130±0.147 a	2.046±0.089 a	1.046±0.062 a	3.393±0.096 a	3.033±0.116 ab
意蜂蜡质	9.468±0.134 a	3.194±0.103 a	2.132±0.040 a	0.982±0.094 a	3.510±0.091 a	3.128±0.051 a
台基材质	第二背板长	第三背板长	第三背板绒毛带长	第四背板长	第四背板绒毛带长	第五背板长
塑料	3.036±0.065 a	2.682±0.093 b	1.544±0.073 a	2.470±0.185 b	1.430±0.119 a	2.422±0.166 a
中蜂蜡质	3.004±0.145 a	2.784±0.050 a	1.563±0.063 a	2.604±0.073 ab	1.517±0.082 a	2.351±0.114 a
意蜂蜡质	3.044±0.092 a	2.738±0.091 ab	1.582±0.022 a	2.652±0.054 a	1.526±0.035 a	2.466±0.028 a
台基材质	第五背板绒毛带长	胸宽	头长	头宽	上颚长	上颚宽
塑料	1.504±0.056 a	3.872±0.117 a	3.058±0.105 b	2.890±0.044 a	1.160±0.080 b	0.386±0.025 a
中蜂蜡质	1.501±0.067 a	4.029±0.18 a	3.090±0.08 ab	2.757±0.15 ab	1.124±0.034 b	0.389±0.041 a
意蜂蜡质	1.498±0.098 a	4.020±0.178 a	3.170±0.052 a	2.696±0.101 b	1.238±0.024 a	0.422±0.008 a

台基材质	翅长	翅宽	跗节长	跗节宽	右后足胫节长	股节长
塑料	9.168±0.357 a	3.096±0.104 a	2.048±0.064 a	0.988±0.057 a	3.410±0.142 a	3.012±0.019 b
中蜂蜡质	9.271±0.260 a	3.130±0.147 a	2.046±0.089 a	1.046±0.062 a	3.393±0.096 a	3.033±0.116 ab
意蜂蜡质	9.468±0.134 a	3.194±0.103 a	2.132±0.040 a	0.982±0.094 a	3.510±0.091 a	3.128±0.051 a
台基材质	第二背板长	第三背板长	第三背板绒毛带长	第四背板长	第四背板绒毛带长	第五背板长
塑料	3.036±0.065 a	2.682±0.093 b	1.544±0.073 a	2.470±0.185 b	1.430±0.119 a	2.422±0.166 a
中蜂蜡质	3.004±0.145 a	2.784±0.050 a	1.563±0.063 a	2.604±0.073 ab	1.517±0.082 a	2.351±0.114 a
意蜂蜡质	3.044±0.092 a	2.738±0.091 ab	1.582±0.022 a	2.652±0.054 a	1.526±0.035 a	2.466±0.028 a
台基材质	第五背板绒毛带长	胸宽	头长	头宽	上颚长	上颚宽
塑料	1.504±0.056 a	3.872±0.117 a	3.058±0.105 b	2.890±0.044 a	1.160±0.080 b	0.386±0.025 a
中蜂蜡质	1.501±0.067 a	4.029±0.18 a	3.090±0.08 ab	2.757±0.15 ab	1.124±0.034 b	0.389±0.041 a
意蜂蜡质	1.498±0.098 a	4.020±0.178 a	3.170±0.052 a	2.696±0.101 b	1.238±0.024 a	0.422±0.008 a