有机肥部分替代化肥对水稻产量和土壤理化性质的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231214

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明有机肥部分替代化肥对水稻生产及土壤地力水平的影响,促进水稻生产化肥减量增效。以早、晚稻为试验材料,采用田间试验方法,研究不施肥(CK₁)、常规施肥(CK₂)、有机肥替代15%氮肥(T₁)、有机肥替代30%氮肥(T₂)对早、晚稻产量、品质以及土壤理化性质、矿质元素等养分含量的影响。结果表明,与CK₂相比,T₁、T₂处理早、晚稻产量均有所提升,分别增加5.03%~10.13%、6.17%~12.96%,稻米加工、外观品质相关指标未见明显变化趋势。T₁、T₂处理较CK₂土壤pH值、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均显著提升,矿质元素锰、锌、铜有效态含量呈现不同程度的增加趋势。另外,T₁、T₂处理的氮肥利用率与偏生产力均高于CK₂,且呈现随氮肥替代比例增加而下降的趋势。试验条件下,有机肥部分替代氮肥既能维持水稻高产又能有效提升稻田养分利用效率,其中替代15%氮肥是适宜当地水稻生产较佳的一种化肥减量增效技术措施。

关键词: 水稻, 有机肥, 化肥, 产量, 土壤理化性质

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer partially instead of chemical fertilizer on rice production and soil fertility level,and to promote the reduction of chemical fertilizer application and its efficiency in rice production. In this study, no fertilization (CK₁) and conventional fertilization (CK₂) were used as controls and two experimental treatments, namely organic combined application instead of 15% (T₁) and 30% (T₂) chemical nitrogen fertilizer were set up, relevant experiment was conducted on rice during the summer and autumn season of 2023 in field. Yield and quality of early and late rice, soil physicochemical properties, mineral elements and other nutrient levels were different. The yield and quality of rice, soil physicochemical properties, and mineral elements levels were investigated. Compared with CK₂, the yield of early season and late season rice under T₁ and T₂ treatments increased by 5.03%-10.13% and 6.17%-12.96%, respectively. No significant change trend was found in rice processing and appearance quality indexes between treatments with conventional fertilization. The soil pH value, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in T₁ and T₂ treatments were significantly increased, and the available contents of mineral elements manganese, zinc and copper increased in different degrees. In addition, agronomic utilization and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of T₁ and T₂ were higher than those of conventional fertilizer control (CK₂), and they were descending with the increase of substitution ratio. In this study, organic fertilizer partially instead of chemical fertilizer is beneficial to rice high yield and nutrient utilization, and the replacement of 15% nitrogen fertilizer is a better method of fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement for local rice production.

Key words: rice, organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, yield, soil physicochemical properties

中图分类号:

S511.5

徐有祥, 朱真令, 王昱妃, 童璐, 周凌霄, 张燕, 邵国胜, 尹献远. 有机肥部分替代化肥对水稻产量和土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(4): 817-822.

XU Youxiang, ZHU Zhenling, WANG Yufei, TONG Lu, ZHOU Lingxiao, ZHANG Yan, SHAO Guosheng, YIN Xianyuan. Effect of organic fertilizer instead of partial chemical fertilizer on rice yield and soil physicochemical properties[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(4): 817-822.

图/表 7

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处理	处理方法	有机肥	复合肥	尿素	钙镁磷	氯化钾
CK₁	不施肥	0	0	0	0	0
CK₂	常规施肥	0	750	0	0	0
T₁	有机肥替代15%化学氮肥	696.6	0	277.2	445.05	137.70
T₂	有机肥替代30%化学氮肥	1 393.2	0	228.3	391.20	125.55

处理	处理方法	有机肥	复合肥	尿素	钙镁磷	氯化钾
CK₁	不施肥	0	0	0	0	0
CK₂	常规施肥	0	750	0	0	0
T₁	有机肥替代15%化学氮肥	696.6	0	277.2	445.05	137.70
T₂	有机肥替代30%化学氮肥	1 393.2	0	228.3	391.20	125.55

处理	早稻		晚稻
处理	667 m²产量/kg	比CK₂/%	667 m²产量/kg	比CK₂/%
CK₁	252.63±10.61 c	-39.03	303.49±11.79 d	-43.83
CK₂	414.37±36.55 b	0	540.27±14.15 c	0
T₁	456.34±12.74 a	10.13	610.31±4.72 a	12.96
T₂	435.22±7.64 ab	5.03	573.62±4.72 b	6.17

处理	早稻		晚稻
处理	667 m²产量/kg	比CK₂/%	667 m²产量/kg	比CK₂/%
CK₁	252.63±10.61 c	-39.03	303.49±11.79 d	-43.83
CK₂	414.37±36.55 b	0	540.27±14.15 c	0
T₁	456.34±12.74 a	10.13	610.31±4.72 a	12.96
T₂	435.22±7.64 ab	5.03	573.62±4.72 b	6.17

处理	早稻				晚稻
处理	糙米率/%	精米率/%	整精米率/%	垩白粒率/%	糙米率/%	精米率/%	整精米率/%	垩白粒率/%
CK₁	77.87 a	65.97 a	33.70 a	81.67 a	80.53 b	71.17 a	60.23 a	24.00 a
CK₂	78.20 a	64.93 a	36.03 a	82.00 a	81.73 a	71.73 a	54.60 a	17.33 a
T₁	78.33 a	65.13 a	34.93 a	85.33 a	81.73 a	71.57 a	59.17 a	21.00 a
T₂	78.10 a	65.37 a	35.20 a	82.00 a	81.33 a	71.60 a	60.57 a	23.00 a