浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (4): 1012-1017.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240846

• 资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

稻麦轮作模式下不同秸秆还田处理对作物产量和土壤质量的影响

蒋正航1(), 应珊珊1, 朱跃忠2, 徐洁章2, 黄张婷1   

  1. 1.浙江农林大学 环境与资源学院,浙江 杭州 311300
    2.永康市耕地质量服务中心,浙江 金华 321300
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-03 出版日期:2026-04-11 发布日期:2026-04-17
  • 作者简介:蒋正航,研究方向为土壤生态。E-mail:1053621756@qq.com

Effect of different straw returning treatments on crop yield and soil quality in rice⁃wheat rotation system

JIANG Zhenghang1(), YING Shanshan1, ZHU Yuezhong2, XU Jiezhang2, HUANG Zhangting1   

  1. 1.College of Environment and Resources,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang
    2.Farmland Quality Service Center in Yongkang City,Jinhua 321300,Zhejiang
  • Received:2024-11-03 Online:2026-04-11 Published:2026-04-17

摘要:

为明确秸秆还田对土壤的生态效应,为优化秸秆还田技术提供数据支撑,本试验在浙江省永康市稻麦轮作区,设置了稻麦秸秆不还田、稻秆不还田-麦秆全量还田、稻麦秸秆全量还田3种处理,研究不同秸秆还田方式对作物产量、土壤肥力和病虫草害的影响。结果表明,与稻麦秸秆不还田处理相比,稻麦秸秆全量还田处理后土壤有机质含量显著(p<0.05)增加16.61%,土壤全氮、速效磷含量分别显著增加10.96%和95.22%,说明农作物秸秆还田有效提升了土壤肥力,但同时加重了病虫草害的发生。与稻麦秸秆全量还田处理相比,稻秆不还田-麦秆全量还田处理对作物产量影响较小,病虫草害的发生相对较轻,与稻麦秸秆不还田处理相比,稻秆不还田-麦秆全量还田处理提高了土壤全氮含量,并促进了土壤团聚体形成。实际生产中,减少水稻秸秆直接还田,配合一定的田间管理措施,能促进秸秆合理利用、优化还田结构,在提高土壤有机质含量、改善土壤结构的同时保障作物产量。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 作物产量, 土壤肥力, 病虫草害, 稻麦轮作

Abstract:

In order to clarify the ecological effects of straw returning to the soil and provide certain data support for optimizing straw returning technology,this experiment set up three treatments in the production area of rice-wheat rotation in Yongkang City,Zhejiang Province:no rice and wheat straw returning to the field,no rice straw returning to the field-full wheat straw returning to the field,and full rice and wheat straw returning to the field. The effects of different straw returning treatments on crop yield,soil fertility,and diseases,pests,and weeds damage were studied. Compared with the treatment of no rice and wheat straw returning to the field,the treatment of full rice and wheat straw returning to the field significantly(p<0.05)increased soil organic matter content,soil total nitrogen content and available phosphorus content by 16.61%,10.96% and 95.22%,respectively,which indicated that returning crop straw to the field effectively improved soil fertility,but it also exacerbated the occurrence of diseases,pests,and weeds damage. Compared with the treatment of full rice and wheat straw returning to the field,the treatment of no rice straw returning to the field-full wheat straw returning to the field had a smaller impact on crop yield and relatively fewer occurrences of diseases,pests,and weeds damage. Compared with the treatment of no rice and wheat straw returning to the field,the treatment of no rice straw returning to the field-full wheat straw returning to the field increased the soil total nitrogen content and promoted the formation of soil aggregates. In actual production,reducing the direct return of rice straw to the field,combined with certain field management measures,can promote the rational utilization of straw,optimize the return structure,and ensure crop yield while increasing soil organic matter content and improving soil structure.

Key words: straw returning, crop yield, soil fertility, diseases,pests and weeds damage, rice-wheat rotation

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