苏北传统产区鲜食甘薯高效栽培关键技术研究

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250366

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

苏北传统甘薯产区存在过度依赖淀粉加工业、新领域新业态开发力度不足的问题,而鲜食甘薯产业作为新的增长点,存在栽培管理粗放、水肥资源浪费、产量低品质差等产业技术瓶颈。因此,本试验开展精品鲜薯品种高垄密植、减肥减药、水肥一体化和机械收获等关键技术研究,明确关键环节技术参数,建立以“高垄密植”和“水肥一体化”为核心的高效栽培模式,集成优化包含品种筛选、高效栽培、机械化作业、科学储藏的全链条技术体系,以期为解决苏北鲜食甘薯产业“种得粗、长得差、收得难”的共性问题提供系统化解决方案,有力支撑区域甘薯产业结构调整和农民增产增收。

关键词: 苏北, 鲜食甘薯, 高效栽培, 产业技术

Abstract:

In the traditional sweetpotato production areas of northern Jiangsu, there are problems such as excessive reliance on the starch processing industry and insufficient development of new fields and new business forms. However, the fresh sweetpotato industry, as a new growth point, faces industrial technical bottlenecks such as rough cultivation and management, water and fertilizer resources waste, low yield and poor quality. Therefore, this experiment conducted study on key technologies such as high-ridge dense planting, reduced fertilizer and pesticide use, integrated water and fertilizer management, and mechanical harvesting for high-quality fresh sweetpotato varieties. It clarified the technical parameters of key links, established an efficient cultivation model centered on “high-ridge dense planting” and “integrated water and fertilizer management”, and integrated and optimized a full-chain technical system including variety screening, efficient cultivation, mechanized operation, and scientific storage, with the aim of providing a systematic solution to the common problems of “coarse planting, poor growth and difficult harvest” in the fresh sweetpotato industry in northern Jiangsu, and strongly supporting the adjustment of the regional sweetpotato industry structure and the increase of farmers' production and income.

Key words: northern Jiangsu, fresh-eating sweetpotato, high-efficiency cultivation, industrial technology

中图分类号:

S531

贾赵东, 马佩勇, 禹阳, 张铅, 刘帅, 郭可, 边小峰. 苏北传统产区鲜食甘薯高效栽培关键技术研究[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(10): 2334-2339.

JIA Zhaodong, MA Peiyong, YU Yang, ZHANG Qian, LIU Shuai, GUO Ke, BIAN Xiaofeng. Study on key technologies for high-efficiency cultivation of fresh-eating sweetpotatoes in traditional growing areas of northern Jiangsu[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(10): 2334-2339.

图/表 9

参考文献 10

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处理	667 m²鲜薯产量/kg	单株结薯数/个	干物质含量/%	商品薯率/%
常规模式(CG)	2 919.84 b	3.55 a	31.42 a	81.66 b
高垄密植(KLMZ)	3 673.80 a	2.96 a	29.05 b	88.19 a

处理	667 m²鲜薯产量/kg	单株结薯数/个	干物质含量/%	商品薯率/%
常规模式(CG)	2 919.84 b	3.55 a	31.42 a	81.66 b
高垄密植(KLMZ)	3 673.80 a	2.96 a	29.05 b	88.19 a

品种	栽插期 (月-日)	收获期 (月-日)	667 m²栽插密度/株	667 m²鲜薯产量/kg	干物质含量/%	商品薯率/%
品种	栽插期 (月-日)	收获期 (月-日)	667 m²栽插密度/株	667 m²鲜薯产量/kg	干物质含量/%	以质量计	以数量计
苏薯25(短蔓型)	05-26	10-20	3 000	1 415.4 c	23.8 a	65.4	55.0
	05-26	10-20	4 000	1 769.2 b	22.2 a	69.3	62.8
	05-26	10-20	5 000	1 970.5 a	20.7 b	77.3	71.5
宁紫薯1号(长蔓型)	05-26	10-20	3 000	2 194.2 a	27.5 a	79.6	60.4
	05-26	10-20	4 000	1 874.5 b	26.3 a	70.7	62.8
	05-26	10-20	5 000	1 668.9 b	24.8 b	68.1	68.6

品种	栽插期 (月-日)	收获期 (月-日)	667 m²栽插密度/株	667 m²鲜薯产量/kg	干物质含量/%	商品薯率/%
品种	栽插期 (月-日)	收获期 (月-日)	667 m²栽插密度/株	667 m²鲜薯产量/kg	干物质含量/%	以质量计	以数量计
苏薯25(短蔓型)	05-26	10-20	3 000	1 415.4 c	23.8 a	65.4	55.0
	05-26	10-20	4 000	1 769.2 b	22.2 a	69.3	62.8
	05-26	10-20	5 000	1 970.5 a	20.7 b	77.3	71.5
宁紫薯1号(长蔓型)	05-26	10-20	3 000	2 194.2 a	27.5 a	79.6	60.4
	05-26	10-20	4 000	1 874.5 b	26.3 a	70.7	62.8
	05-26	10-20	5 000	1 668.9 b	24.8 b	68.1	68.6

处理	667 m² 密度/株	667 m² 施氮量/kg	667 m² 鲜薯产量/kg	鲜薯产量排名	667 m² 薯干产量/kg	薯干产量排名	干物质含量/ %
T1	3 000	0	2 049.64	9	732.95	8	35.76 a
T2		7	2 228.05	7	763.78	4	34.28 ab
T3		14	2 200.93	8	736.87	7	33.48 abc
T4	4 000	0	2 346.52	5	779.28	2	33.21 bcd
T5		7	2 370.87	2	756.31	6	31.90 bcd
T6		14	2 422.17	1	768.55	3	31.73 cd
T7	5 000	0	2 363.65	3	781.42	1	33.06 bcd
T8		7	2 355.35	4	746.80	5	31.70 cd
T9		14	2 288.00	6	722.09	9	31.56 d