桑枝生物碱研究进展

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230685

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

桑枝是桑科植物桑(Mrous alba L.)的干燥嫩枝,具有祛风湿、利关节等功效,在传统中医中常用于治疗风湿痹病、关节酸痛麻木等病症。现代研究发现桑枝具有多种药理作用,包括调节糖脂代谢异常、抗氧化、抗菌、抗病毒等。生物碱是桑枝中重要的活性成分,具有良好的降血糖作用,还具有调节糖脂代谢和肠道菌群、保护胰岛β细胞、改善葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌功能、刺激GLP-1分泌等作用。文章通过对桑枝生物碱种类、体内合成通路、提取检测方法以及药理作用进行综述,为桑枝生物碱的深入研究及高效利用提供参考依据。

关键词: 桑枝, 生物碱, 生物合成, 药理作用

Abstract:

Mulberry twig is the dry twig of Mrous alba L. in Moraceae family. It can be used to treat rheumatism and numbness of joints in traditional Chinese medicine. Modern studies have found that mulberry twig has a variety of pharmacological effects, including regulation of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, etc. Alkaloids are important active components in mulberry twig, which have good hypoglycemic effect. It also regulates glycolipid metabolism and intestinal microbiota, protects islet β cells, improves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion function, and stimulates GLP-1 secretion. In this paper, the types, synthetic pathways, extraction and detection methods and pharmacological effects of mulberry twig alkaloids were reviewed. This paper aims to provide reference for further study and efficient utilization of mulberry twig alkaloids.

Key words: mulberry twig, alkaloid, biosynthesis, pharmacology

中图分类号:

S567.1+9

赵辉, 钟石, 孙雨晴, 霍进喜, 李有贵. 桑枝生物碱研究进展[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(11): 2723-2732.

ZHAO Hui, ZHONG Shi, SUN Yuqing, HUO Jinxi, LI Yougui. Research progress of mulberry twig alkaloids[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(11): 2723-2732.

图/表 11

参考文献 52

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种类	名称	参考文献
1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)	1-deoxynojirimycin	[11-12]
N-甲基-l-l脱氧野尻霉素	N-methy-l-l deoxynojirimycin	[11]
4-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基	4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl	[11]
1,4双脱氧-1,4-亚氨基-(2-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基)-D-阿拉伯糖醇	1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-(2-0-B-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-arabinitol	[12]
荞麦碱(FAG)	fagomine	[12]
3-表荞麦碱	3-epi-fagomine	[12]
打碗花精B2	calysteginB2	[12]
1,4双脱氧-1,4-亚氨基-D-阿拉伯糖醇(DAB)	1,4-dideoxy-1,4-mino-D-arabinitol	[12]
2-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-1-脱氧野尻霉素	2-O-(B-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-deoxynojirimycin	[12]
6-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-1-脱氧野尻霉素	6-O-(B-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-Deoxynojirimycin	[12]
2-O-(α-d-吡喃半乳糖基)-1-脱氧野尻霉素	2-O-(α-d-galactopyranosyl)-1-deoxynojirimycin	[12]

种类	名称	参考文献
1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)	1-deoxynojirimycin	[11-12]
N-甲基-l-l脱氧野尻霉素	N-methy-l-l deoxynojirimycin	[11]
4-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基	4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl	[11]
1,4双脱氧-1,4-亚氨基-(2-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基)-D-阿拉伯糖醇	1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-(2-0-B-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-arabinitol	[12]
荞麦碱(FAG)	fagomine	[12]
3-表荞麦碱	3-epi-fagomine	[12]
打碗花精B2	calysteginB2	[12]
1,4双脱氧-1,4-亚氨基-D-阿拉伯糖醇(DAB)	1,4-dideoxy-1,4-mino-D-arabinitol	[12]
2-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-1-脱氧野尻霉素	2-O-(B-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-deoxynojirimycin	[12]
6-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-1-脱氧野尻霉素	6-O-(B-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-Deoxynojirimycin	[12]
2-O-(α-d-吡喃半乳糖基)-1-脱氧野尻霉素	2-O-(α-d-galactopyranosyl)-1-deoxynojirimycin	[12]

提取方法	提取条件	参考文献
超声波辅助乙醇溶剂提取法	提取时间20 min,提取温度60 ℃,料液比1∶20,超声功率800 W,乙醇浓度60%	[23]
乙醇溶剂常温浸提法	提取液25% 乙醇-0. 05 mol·L^-1盐酸,常温浸提 3 h,提取两次	[24]
水提醇沉法	加水煎煮浓缩,加70%乙醇,静置过夜,回收乙醇	[25]
微波辅助提取法	微波功率406 W(中火)、微波处理时间1.5 min、固液比(g·mL^-1)1∶40、提取次数2次	[26]

提取方法	提取条件	参考文献
超声波辅助乙醇溶剂提取法	提取时间20 min,提取温度60 ℃,料液比1∶20,超声功率800 W,乙醇浓度60%	[23]
乙醇溶剂常温浸提法	提取液25% 乙醇-0. 05 mol·L^-1盐酸,常温浸提 3 h,提取两次	[24]
水提醇沉法	加水煎煮浓缩,加70%乙醇,静置过夜,回收乙醇	[25]
微波辅助提取法	微波功率406 W(中火)、微波处理时间1.5 min、固液比(g·mL^-1)1∶40、提取次数2次	[26]

基因表达	变化	参考文献
Ser473-AKT	促进磷酸化	[41]
p85-PI3K	促进磷酸化	[41]
Tyr1361-IR-β	促进磷酸化	[41]
Tyr612-IRS1	促进磷酸化	[41]
SGLT1	下降	[43]
Na1/K1-ATP	下降	[43]
GLUT2	下降	[43]
GK	增强	[43]
PFK	增强	[43]
PK mRNA	增强	[43]
PDE1	增强	[43]
PEPCK	下降	[43]
G-6-Pase	下降	[43]
GLUT4	增强	[41,44]
AdipoR1	增强	[44]
AdipoR2	增强	[44]
ATP1A	降低	[45]
CAMK2	降低	[45]