覆膜栽培下甘薯的干物质积累特性

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230085

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索覆膜栽培下甘薯的干物质积累特性和增产效果,研究于2021年在河北秦皇岛卢龙县进行,以当地主栽品种卢选1号和济薯25为试验材料,以不覆膜栽培为对照,在大田条件下,比较分析甘薯在覆膜与不覆膜栽培下蔓长、干物质积累特性、产量的差异。结果表明:甘薯在覆膜栽培下地上部茎蔓生长较快,生育前期地上部干物质积累较快,生育后期向块根转移较多。甘薯在覆膜栽培下块根膨大早、膨大快,块根干物质积累出现双峰曲线。甘薯全株干物质积累动态符合Logistic模型,覆膜栽培下的甘薯进入干物质快速积累期更早,干物质总积累量更多,地上部茎叶干重与块根薯块干重比值(T/R值)在多数时间段低于不覆膜栽培。甘薯单株薯块数增多,单株薯重增重,大中薯率提高,小薯率降低,增产效果明显。综上可知,覆膜栽培能改变甘薯的干物质积累特性,提高产量。本研究为甘薯在覆膜栽培下的生产及推广提供理论依据。

关键词: 甘薯, 覆膜, 干物质, 产量

Abstract:

In order to explore the dry matter accumulation characteristics and yield enhancement effect of sweet potato under mulching culture, the study was conducted in Lulong County, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province in 2021, using the local main cultivars Luxuan 1 and Jishu 25 as experimental materials, and using non-mulching cultivation as the control, and the differences in vine length, dry matter accumulation characteristics and yield of sweet potato under mulching and non-mulching cultivation were compared and analyzed under field conditions. The results showed that the aboveground stems and vines grew faster under film mulching, the aboveground dry matter accumulation was faster in the early growth stage, and the transfer to the root tuber was more in the late growth stage. Under film mulching, the root tubers expanded early and quickly, and the dry matter accumulation of the roots showed a doublet curve. The dynamics of dry matter accumulation in the whole plant of sweet potato conformed to the Logistic model, and the dry matter accumulation period of sweet potato under mulching culture entered the rapid dry matter accumulation period earlier, the total dry matter accumulation was more, and the ratio of dry weight of stems and leaves to tuber dry weight (T/R value) was lower than that of non-mulching cultivation in most of the time. The number of sweet potato tubers per plant increased, the weight per plant increased, the rate of large and medium potatoes increased, and the rate of small potatoes decreased, and the yield increase effect was obvious. In conclusion, film mulching cultivation can change the dry matter accumulation characteristics of sweet potato and increase yield. This study provides a theoretical basis for the production and promotion of sweet potato under film mulching.

Key words: sweet potato, film mulching, dry matter, yield

中图分类号:

S531

翟稳熙, 李向岭, 杨晴, 王健, 杨敏, 刘学茹, 韩金玲. 覆膜栽培下甘薯的干物质积累特性[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(3): 489-496.

ZHAI Wenxi, LI Xiangling, YANG Qing, WANG Jian, YANG Min, LIU Xueru, HAN Jinling. Dry matter accumulation characteristics of sweet potato cultivated with film mulching[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(3): 489-496.

图/表 11

参考文献 29

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月份	平均气温/℃	降雨量/mm
5	17.0	13.28
6	21.5	9.97
7	24.5	18.55
8	23.5	167.35
9	20.5	181.00
10	11.5	11.95

月份	平均气温/℃	降雨量/mm
5	17.0	13.28
6	21.5	9.97
7	24.5	18.55
8	23.5	167.35
9	20.5	181.00
10	11.5	11.95

处理	移栽后不同时间的蔓长/cm
处理	25 d	45 d	65 d	85 d	105 d	125 d	145 d	160 d
A1B1	24.50 a	55.20 a	81.60 a	107.80 a	147.60 a	159.40 a	164.60 a	165.26 a
A1B2	17.62 b	40.20 bc	77.40 b	82.00 b	94.80 d	132.40 b	139.36 bc	141.07 c
A2B1	7.40 c	41.20 b	75.40 b	97.20 b	117.00 b	141.74 b	150.18 b	153.54 b
A2B2	5.40 c	30.40 c	44.40 c	59.00 c	108.00 c	118.20 c	137.26 c	133.56 c

处理	移栽后不同时间的蔓长/cm
处理	25 d	45 d	65 d	85 d	105 d	125 d	145 d	160 d
A1B1	24.50 a	55.20 a	81.60 a	107.80 a	147.60 a	159.40 a	164.60 a	165.26 a
A1B2	17.62 b	40.20 bc	77.40 b	82.00 b	94.80 d	132.40 b	139.36 bc	141.07 c
A2B1	7.40 c	41.20 b	75.40 b	97.20 b	117.00 b	141.74 b	150.18 b	153.54 b
A2B2	5.40 c	30.40 c	44.40 c	59.00 c	108.00 c	118.20 c	137.26 c	133.56 c

处理	移栽后不同天数的地上部干物质积累量/(kg·hm^-2)
处理	25 d	45 d	65 d	85 d	105 d	125 d	145 d	160 d
A1B1	754.45 a	1 640.93 a	2 755.35 a	5 218.56 a	5 061.29 a	4 257.63 a	3 497.72 a	2 903.64 a
A1B2	527.58 b	1 031.67 b	1 749.60 b	2 382.64 d	3 657.83 b	3 535.38 b	2 738.61 c	2 127.30 b
A2B1	576.45 b	1 058.27 b	1 678.78 b	4 469.45 b	4 548.69 a	3 859.23 ab	2 888.53 b	1 868.79 bc
A2B2	231.39 c	514.08 c	1 281.52 c	3 146.82 c	2 984.58 c	3 628.13 b	2 474.55 c	1 821.78 c