
浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (2): 488-494.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250216
姜皓然1(
), 黄越2, 李帅1, 尉吉乾2, 应珊珊1(
)
收稿日期:2025-03-20
出版日期:2026-02-28
发布日期:2026-03-07
通讯作者:
应珊珊
作者简介:应珊珊,E-mail:ssying@zafu.edu.cn。基金资助:
JIANG Haoran1(
), HUANG Yue2, LI Shuai1, YU Jiqian2, YING Shanshan1(
)
Received:2025-03-20
Online:2026-02-28
Published:2026-03-07
Contact:
YING Shanshan
摘要:
如何处理废弃水生植物是生态沟渠最终实现农业面源污染过程拦截作用的关键问题,生物质炭化是目前秸秆型废弃物资源化普遍采用的措施。本研究选择生态沟渠中普遍种植的再力花作为炭化材料,探讨不同炭化温度(400、500、600 ℃)与盐酸改性方法下制备生物质炭的吸附特性。材料性质表征表明,提高炭化温度与盐酸改性均显著有利于生物质炭孔隙形成,400 ℃炭化并经盐酸改性的再力花生物质炭对$\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$-N和$\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$的吸附效果最佳,600 ℃炭化并经盐酸改性后生物质炭对$\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$-N吸附效果最佳。再力花制备生物质炭具备水质净化能力,其中盐酸改性相较于提高炭化温度,对增强生物质炭吸附能力效果更佳,为后续生态沟渠水生植物资源化利用提供技术支持。
中图分类号:
姜皓然, 黄越, 李帅, 尉吉乾, 应珊珊. 再力花生物质炭对水体氮、磷的吸附性能[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2026, 67(2): 488-494.
JIANG Haoran, HUANG Yue, LI Shuai, YU Jiqian, YING Shanshan. Study on the adsorption performance of Thalia dealbata Fraser biochar for nitrogen and phosphorus in water bodies[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(2): 488-494.
| 生物质炭 | 元素含量/% | H/C(摩尔比) | O/C(摩尔比) | SBET/(m2·g-1) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | H | O | N | Na | K | Ca | Mg | 灰分 | ||||
| TD | 42.61 | 6.60 | 25.43 | 5.01 | 0.73 | 3.11 | 3.64 | 0.51 | — | 1.86 | 0.45 | — |
| TD4 | 54.32 | 3.01 | 12.63 | 3.86 | 0.96 | 1.12 | 6.37 | 1.96 | 24.13 | 0.66 | 0.17 | 2.81 |
| HTD4 | 40.67 | 2.41 | 11.79 | 2.62 | 0.45 | 0.69 | 2.47 | 0.86 | 50.28 | 0.71 | 0.22 | 70.73 |
| TD5 | 60.14 | 2.05 | 11.34 | 3.16 | 1.41 | 2.98 | 5.83 | 1.44 | 33.67 | 0.41 | 0.14 | 3.26 |
| HTD5 | 47.39 | 1.98 | 10.56 | 2.71 | 1.27 | 2.63 | 4.52 | 1.09 | 60.45 | 0.50 | 0.17 | 105.49 |
| TD6 | 63.60 | 1.89 | 11.40 | 2.01 | 1.21 | 2.64 | 5.77 | 1.30 | 45.31 | 0.36 | 0.13 | 15.36 |
| HTD6 | 50.84 | 1.79 | 10.37 | 1.65 | 0.93 | 2.12 | 5.11 | 0.83 | 74.19 | 0.42 | 0.15 | 110.12 |
表1 不同生物质炭材料的元素组成和比表面积
Table 1 Elemental composition and specific surface area of different biochar materials
| 生物质炭 | 元素含量/% | H/C(摩尔比) | O/C(摩尔比) | SBET/(m2·g-1) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | H | O | N | Na | K | Ca | Mg | 灰分 | ||||
| TD | 42.61 | 6.60 | 25.43 | 5.01 | 0.73 | 3.11 | 3.64 | 0.51 | — | 1.86 | 0.45 | — |
| TD4 | 54.32 | 3.01 | 12.63 | 3.86 | 0.96 | 1.12 | 6.37 | 1.96 | 24.13 | 0.66 | 0.17 | 2.81 |
| HTD4 | 40.67 | 2.41 | 11.79 | 2.62 | 0.45 | 0.69 | 2.47 | 0.86 | 50.28 | 0.71 | 0.22 | 70.73 |
| TD5 | 60.14 | 2.05 | 11.34 | 3.16 | 1.41 | 2.98 | 5.83 | 1.44 | 33.67 | 0.41 | 0.14 | 3.26 |
| HTD5 | 47.39 | 1.98 | 10.56 | 2.71 | 1.27 | 2.63 | 4.52 | 1.09 | 60.45 | 0.50 | 0.17 | 105.49 |
| TD6 | 63.60 | 1.89 | 11.40 | 2.01 | 1.21 | 2.64 | 5.77 | 1.30 | 45.31 | 0.36 | 0.13 | 15.36 |
| HTD6 | 50.84 | 1.79 | 10.37 | 1.65 | 0.93 | 2.12 | 5.11 | 0.83 | 74.19 | 0.42 | 0.15 | 110.12 |
图4 不同炭化温度下(a)未改性和(b)改性生物质炭对$\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$-N的Freundlich和Langmuir吸附模型qe 表示吸附平衡时的吸附量;ce 表示吸附平衡时的溶液质量浓度。下同。
Fig.4 Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models of $\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$-N on unmodified and modified biochar at different carbonization temperatures
| 生物质炭 | 污染物 | Freundlich模型 | Langmuir模型 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
kf/ (mg·g-1) | 1/n | R2 | qm/ (mg·g-1) | b/ (L·mg-1) | R2 | ||
| TD4 | NO3 -N | 0.205 | 0.685 | 0.954 | 10.023 | 0.009 | 0.935 |
| $\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$-N | 0.248 | 0.651 | 0.971 | 9.210 | 0.011 | 0.943 | |
| $\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$ | 0.440 | 0.392 | 0.983 | 3.030 | 0.048 | 0.968 | |
| HTD4 | NO3 -N | 0.718 | 0.705 | 0.985 | 29.409 | 0.014 | 0.990 |
| $\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$-N | 0.558 | 0.745 | 0.978 | 32.585 | 0.010 | 0.962 | |
| $\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$ | 0.393 | 0.867 | 0.987 | 79.436 | 0.004 | 0.990 | |
| TD5 | NO3 -N | 0.422 | 0.535 | 0.969 | 7.276 | 0.019 | 0.933 |
| $\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$-N | 0.376 | 0.572 | 0.948 | 7.822 | 0.017 | 0.894 | |
| $\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$ | 0.652 | 0.341 | 0.965 | 3.567 | 0.051 | 0.944 | |
| HTD5 | NO3 -N | 1.217 | 0.590 | 0.982 | 27.594 | 0.018 | 0.986 |
| $\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$-N | 0.812 | 0.688 | 0.974 | 37.989 | 0.010 | 0.962 | |
| $\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$ | 0.483 | 0.835 | 0.976 | 62.352 | 0.005 | 0.985 | |
| TD6 | NO3 -N | 0.228 | 0.682 | 0.967 | 9.531 | 0.011 | 0.966 |
| $\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$-N | 0.197 | 0.717 | 0.991 | 10.885 | 0.009 | 0.981 | |
| $\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$ | 0.787 | 0.336 | 0.951 | 4.157 | 0.057 | 0.936 | |
| HTD6 | $\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$-N | 1.370 | 0.557 | 0.990 | 26.238 | 0.019 | 0.981 |
| $\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$-N | 0.375 | 0.825 | 0.985 | 44.536 | 0.006 | 0.989 | |
| $\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$ | 0.780 | 0.781 | 0.951 | 73.559 | 0.006 | 0.993 | |
表2 生物质炭对$\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$-N、$\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$-N、$\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$的吸附等温线拟合结果
Table 2 Fitted adsorption isotherms of biochar for $\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$-N-N,$\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$-N,and $\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$
| 生物质炭 | 污染物 | Freundlich模型 | Langmuir模型 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
kf/ (mg·g-1) | 1/n | R2 | qm/ (mg·g-1) | b/ (L·mg-1) | R2 | ||
| TD4 | NO3 -N | 0.205 | 0.685 | 0.954 | 10.023 | 0.009 | 0.935 |
| $\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$-N | 0.248 | 0.651 | 0.971 | 9.210 | 0.011 | 0.943 | |
| $\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$ | 0.440 | 0.392 | 0.983 | 3.030 | 0.048 | 0.968 | |
| HTD4 | NO3 -N | 0.718 | 0.705 | 0.985 | 29.409 | 0.014 | 0.990 |
| $\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$-N | 0.558 | 0.745 | 0.978 | 32.585 | 0.010 | 0.962 | |
| $\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$ | 0.393 | 0.867 | 0.987 | 79.436 | 0.004 | 0.990 | |
| TD5 | NO3 -N | 0.422 | 0.535 | 0.969 | 7.276 | 0.019 | 0.933 |
| $\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$-N | 0.376 | 0.572 | 0.948 | 7.822 | 0.017 | 0.894 | |
| $\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$ | 0.652 | 0.341 | 0.965 | 3.567 | 0.051 | 0.944 | |
| HTD5 | NO3 -N | 1.217 | 0.590 | 0.982 | 27.594 | 0.018 | 0.986 |
| $\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$-N | 0.812 | 0.688 | 0.974 | 37.989 | 0.010 | 0.962 | |
| $\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$ | 0.483 | 0.835 | 0.976 | 62.352 | 0.005 | 0.985 | |
| TD6 | NO3 -N | 0.228 | 0.682 | 0.967 | 9.531 | 0.011 | 0.966 |
| $\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$-N | 0.197 | 0.717 | 0.991 | 10.885 | 0.009 | 0.981 | |
| $\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$ | 0.787 | 0.336 | 0.951 | 4.157 | 0.057 | 0.936 | |
| HTD6 | $\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$-N | 1.370 | 0.557 | 0.990 | 26.238 | 0.019 | 0.981 |
| $\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$-N | 0.375 | 0.825 | 0.985 | 44.536 | 0.006 | 0.989 | |
| $\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$ | 0.780 | 0.781 | 0.951 | 73.559 | 0.006 | 0.993 | |
图5 不同炭化温度下(a)未改性和(b)改性生物质炭对$\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$-N的Freundlich和Langmuir吸附模型
Fig.5 Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption modelsof $\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$-N on unmodified and modified biochar at different carbonization temperatures
图6 不同炭化温度下(a)未改性和(b)改性生物质炭对$\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$的Freundlich和Langmuir吸附模型
Fig. 6 Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models of $\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$ on unmodified and modified biochar at different carbonization temperatures
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