
浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (2): 495-503.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250818
何泉萍1(
), 黄亮1, 覃家豪1, 徐冰洁1,2, 王玉艳1, 陈思雨1,2, 杨肖娥3, 刘娣1,2(
)
收稿日期:2025-11-04
出版日期:2026-02-28
发布日期:2026-03-07
通讯作者:
刘娣
作者简介:刘娣,E-mail:ldta@163.com。基金资助:
HE Quanping1(
), HUANG Liang1, QIN Jiahao1, XU Bingjie1,2, WANG Yuyan1, CHEN Siyu1,2, YANG Xiaoe3, LIU Di1,2(
)
Received:2025-11-04
Online:2026-02-28
Published:2026-03-07
Contact:
LIU Di
摘要:
规模化的畜禽养殖会导致周边土壤抗生素残留污染加剧,但对林地土壤中抗生素-微生物-抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的季节性影响尚不清楚。本研究以林地土壤为研究对象,采用液质联用和宏基因组技术,分析了冬季和夏季猪场林地和普通林地(对照)土壤中抗生素残留、微生物群落结构特征、ARGs的丰度特征。结果表明:林地土壤中抗生素主要有四环素、诺氟沙星、磺胺二甲嘧啶、双氯芬酸和氯霉素,抗生素含量基本表现为猪场林地>普通林地,冬季>夏季。与普通林地相比,猪场林地土壤中门水平的微生物群落结构变化较大,冬季为变形菌门和放线菌门相对丰度增加,而夏季为酸杆菌门和浮霉菌门的相对丰度增加。土壤中ARGs以baca(抗杆菌肽类)和mexf(抗氟喹诺酮类)为主,猪场林地土壤细菌中总baca相对丰度较普通林地增加,增加幅度为夏季>冬季。土壤微生物抗性机制以抗生素外排和抗生素靶标改变为主,前者占比为普通林地>猪场林地,后者占比为猪场林地>普通林地。畜禽污染和季节变化是土壤中抗生素及其抗性基因传播和污染的关键因素。
中图分类号:
何泉萍, 黄亮, 覃家豪, 徐冰洁, 王玉艳, 陈思雨, 杨肖娥, 刘娣. 养猪场周边林地抗生素及其抗性基因的污染分布特征[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2026, 67(2): 495-503.
HE Quanping, HUANG Liang, QIN Jiahao, XU Bingjie, WANG Yuyan, CHEN Siyu, YANG Xiaoe, LIU Di. Distribution characteristics of antibiotics and their resistance genes in the surrounding forest land of pig farm[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(2): 495-503.
| 林地类型 | 总氮含量/(mg·kg-1) | 总磷含量/(mg·kg-1) | 总钾含量/ (mg·kg-1) | 镉含量/(mg·kg-1) | 铅含量/(mg·kg-1) | 铜含量/(mg·kg-1) | 钙含量/(mg·kg-1) | 铁含量/(mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 普通林地 | 1 672.08 ± 32.64 a | 327.50 ± 2.12 b | 11 335.00 ± 516.19 a | <2 | 19.10 ± 1.41 a | 20.10 ± 1.70 a | 1 585.50 ± 133.64 b | 23 795.00 ± 3 797.16 a |
| 猪场林地 | 1 704.99 ± 38.16 a | 452.50 ± 2.12 a | 10 340.00 ± 56.57 a | <2 | 19.75 ± 2.19 a | 19.15 ± 2.05 a | 3 150.00 ± 272.94 a | 21 395.00 ± 2 892.07 a |
| 林地类型 | 锌含量/(mg·kg-1) | pH值 | 阳离子交换量/(cmol·kg-1) | 有机质含量/(g·kg-1) | 黏粒(D<2 μm)/% | 粉粒(2≤D<20 μm)/% | 砂粒 (D≥20 μm)/% | |
| 普通林地 | 51.35 ± 11.38 a | 5.21 ± 0.03 b | 7.05 ± 0.29 b | 31.08 ± 3.06 a | 10.41 ± 0.10 a | 57.72 ± 0.42 a | 31.87 ± 0.33 a | |
| 猪场林地 | 59.15 ± 12.66 a | 7.10 ± 0.02 a | 13.76 ± 0.51 a | 27.68 ± 1.28 a | 9.54 ± 0.10 a | 56.75 ± 0.35 a | 33.71 ± 0.35 a |
表1 林地土壤基本理化性质
Table 1 Basic physical and chemical properties of forest soil
| 林地类型 | 总氮含量/(mg·kg-1) | 总磷含量/(mg·kg-1) | 总钾含量/ (mg·kg-1) | 镉含量/(mg·kg-1) | 铅含量/(mg·kg-1) | 铜含量/(mg·kg-1) | 钙含量/(mg·kg-1) | 铁含量/(mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 普通林地 | 1 672.08 ± 32.64 a | 327.50 ± 2.12 b | 11 335.00 ± 516.19 a | <2 | 19.10 ± 1.41 a | 20.10 ± 1.70 a | 1 585.50 ± 133.64 b | 23 795.00 ± 3 797.16 a |
| 猪场林地 | 1 704.99 ± 38.16 a | 452.50 ± 2.12 a | 10 340.00 ± 56.57 a | <2 | 19.75 ± 2.19 a | 19.15 ± 2.05 a | 3 150.00 ± 272.94 a | 21 395.00 ± 2 892.07 a |
| 林地类型 | 锌含量/(mg·kg-1) | pH值 | 阳离子交换量/(cmol·kg-1) | 有机质含量/(g·kg-1) | 黏粒(D<2 μm)/% | 粉粒(2≤D<20 μm)/% | 砂粒 (D≥20 μm)/% | |
| 普通林地 | 51.35 ± 11.38 a | 5.21 ± 0.03 b | 7.05 ± 0.29 b | 31.08 ± 3.06 a | 10.41 ± 0.10 a | 57.72 ± 0.42 a | 31.87 ± 0.33 a | |
| 猪场林地 | 59.15 ± 12.66 a | 7.10 ± 0.02 a | 13.76 ± 0.51 a | 27.68 ± 1.28 a | 9.54 ± 0.10 a | 56.75 ± 0.35 a | 33.71 ± 0.35 a |
| 林地类型 | 四环素含量 | 诺氟沙星含量 | 磺胺二甲嘧啶含量 | 双氯芬酸含量 | 氯霉素含量 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 普通林地(范围) | 0~19.98 | 0~48.78 | 0.41~1.33 | 0~0.68 | 6.77~117.87 |
| 普通林地(平均值) | 12.99 ± 6.50 b | 29.85 ± 15.10 b | 0.86 ± 0.38 b | 0.37 ± 0.20 a | 62.32 ± 45.36 a |
| 猪场林地(范围) | 0~326.86 | 67.69~127.47 | 0~14.78 | 0~3.05 | 0~88.30 |
| 猪场林地(平均值) | 208.34± 104.50 a | 97.58 ± 24.41 a | 8.45 ± 4.39 a | 1.86 ± 0.94 a | 56.15 ± 28.17 a |
表2 冬季林地土壤中抗生素含量 (μg·kg-1)
Table 2 Antibiotic content of forest soil in winter
| 林地类型 | 四环素含量 | 诺氟沙星含量 | 磺胺二甲嘧啶含量 | 双氯芬酸含量 | 氯霉素含量 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 普通林地(范围) | 0~19.98 | 0~48.78 | 0.41~1.33 | 0~0.68 | 6.77~117.87 |
| 普通林地(平均值) | 12.99 ± 6.50 b | 29.85 ± 15.10 b | 0.86 ± 0.38 b | 0.37 ± 0.20 a | 62.32 ± 45.36 a |
| 猪场林地(范围) | 0~326.86 | 67.69~127.47 | 0~14.78 | 0~3.05 | 0~88.30 |
| 猪场林地(平均值) | 208.34± 104.50 a | 97.58 ± 24.41 a | 8.45 ± 4.39 a | 1.86 ± 0.94 a | 56.15 ± 28.17 a |
| 林地类型 | 四环素 | 诺氟沙星 | 磺胺二甲嘧啶 | 双氯芬酸 | 氯霉素 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 普通林地(范围) | — | — | 0~0.93 | 0~20.57 | 0~74.24 |
| 普通林地(平均值) | — | — | 0.58 ± 0.29 a | 12.88 ± 6.48 a | 47.57 ± 23.84 a |
| 猪场林地(范围) | — | — | 0~1.17 | 0~16.04 | 0~75.91 |
| 猪场林地(平均值) | — | — | 0.73 ± 0.37 a | 10.70 ± 5.35 a | 48.80 ± 24.45 a |
表3 夏季林地土壤中抗生素含量 (μg·kg-1)
Table 3 Antibiotic content of forest soil in summer
| 林地类型 | 四环素 | 诺氟沙星 | 磺胺二甲嘧啶 | 双氯芬酸 | 氯霉素 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 普通林地(范围) | — | — | 0~0.93 | 0~20.57 | 0~74.24 |
| 普通林地(平均值) | — | — | 0.58 ± 0.29 a | 12.88 ± 6.48 a | 47.57 ± 23.84 a |
| 猪场林地(范围) | — | — | 0~1.17 | 0~16.04 | 0~75.91 |
| 猪场林地(平均值) | — | — | 0.73 ± 0.37 a | 10.70 ± 5.35 a | 48.80 ± 24.45 a |
| 季节 | 林地类型 | 总baca相对丰度 | 总mexf相对丰度 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 冬季 | 普通林地 | 0.59 | 0.004 |
| 猪场林地 | 0.61 | 0.022 | |
| 夏季 | 普通林地 | 0.53 | — |
| 猪场林地 | 0.57 | — |
表4 冬季和夏季林地土壤细菌中抗生素抗性基因相对丰度
Table 4 Relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in soil bacteria in forest land during winter and summer
| 季节 | 林地类型 | 总baca相对丰度 | 总mexf相对丰度 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 冬季 | 普通林地 | 0.59 | 0.004 |
| 猪场林地 | 0.61 | 0.022 | |
| 夏季 | 普通林地 | 0.53 | — |
| 猪场林地 | 0.57 | — |
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