施用麻秆生物炭对镉污染土壤细菌群落的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240947

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在探究施用不同麻秆生物炭对镉污染农田土壤细菌群落结构的影响，对麻类作物秸秆的资源化利用、麻秆生物炭的应用具有重要意义。采用土壤培养试验，分析不同麻类秸秆（亚麻、黄麻、苎麻和红麻）生物炭对细菌多样性和群落结构的影响。结果表明，黄麻秆生物炭显著降低土壤细菌群落多样性，苎麻秆生物炭处理一定程度降低了土壤细菌群落丰富度，而亚麻秆和红麻秆生物炭对土壤细菌多样性及丰富度没有显著影响；所有麻秆生物炭施用均显著改变了土壤细菌群落结构，其中黄麻秆生物炭处理与对照之间的群落结构差异最大。在门水平上，黄麻秆生物炭显著增加了酸杆菌门的相对丰度；在属水平上，各类麻秆生物炭均显著降低了醋酸杆菌属和鞘氨醇单胞菌属的相对丰度。综上所述，施用麻秆生物炭会改变镉污染农田土壤的细菌群落组成，并可能进一步影响农作物生长。该研究结果为评估麻秆生物炭在镉污染农田中的应用潜力提供了科学依据。

关键词: 麻类秸秆, 生物炭, 镉污染土壤, 细菌群落

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of application of different bast straw biochar on the bacterial community structure of cadmium-contaminated farmland soil，which is of great significance for the resource utilization of bast straw and the application of bast straw biochar. A soil incubation experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of different bast（flax，jute，ramie and kenaf） straw biochars on bacterial diversity and community structure. The results showed that jute straw biochar significantly reduced the diversity of soil bacterial community，while ramie straw biochar treatment decreased soil bacterial richness to some extent. In contrast，flax and kenaf straw biochar had no significant effects on soil bacterial diversity and richness. The application of all bast straw biochar significantly changed the soil bacterial community structure，and the community structure difference between jute straw biochar and control was the greatest. At the phylum level，jute straw biochar significantly increased the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota. At the genus level，all types of bast straw biochar significantly decreased the relative abundance of Oxobacter and Sphingomonas. In conclusion，application of bast straw biochar can change the composition of soil bacterial community in cadmium-contaminated farmland soil，which may further affect the growth of crops. This study provides a scientific basis for evaluating the application potential of bast straw biochar in cadmium-contaminated farmland.

Key words: bast straw, biochar, cadmium-contaminated soil, bacterial community

中图分类号:

S154.3

邹丽娜, 柳婷婷, 骆霞虹, 陈常理, 李绍翠, 朱关林, 安霞. 施用麻秆生物炭对镉污染土壤细菌群落的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2026, 67(3): 743-749.

ZOU Lina, LIU Tingting, LUO Xiahong, CHEN Changli, LI Shaocui, ZHU Guanlin, AN Xia. Effects of bast straw biochar application on cadmium-contaminated soil bacterial community[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(3): 743-749.

图/表 5

表1 不同麻秆生物炭处理下的土壤细菌α多样性指数

Table 1 Soil bacterial α-diversity indices under different bast straw biochar treatments

处理	序列数	Chao指数	ACE指数	Sobs指数	Shannon指数	Simpson指数	Coverage指数
对照	66 879±4 016	1 921±49 ab	1 941±42 ab	1 701±51 ab	5.833±0.112 a	0.007±0.001 c	0.993±0.001 a
黄麻	63 263±6 323	1 838±67 ab	1 826±77 b	1 587±70 bc	5.628±0.081 b	0.011±0.001 a	0.993±0.001 a
亚麻	73 778±8 153	1 984±74 a	1 994±75 a	1 706±49 a	5.791±0.054 ab	0.009±0.001 bc	0.992±0.001 a
苎麻	63 550±8 173	1 807±48 b	1 808±64 b	1 580±41 c	5.709±0.089 ab	0.010±0.002 ab	0.993±0.001 a
红麻	54 608±6 328	1 966±88 a	1 947±75 ab	1 706±45 a	5.861±0.043 a	0.008±0.001 bc	0.993±0.001 a

图1 不同麻秆生物炭处理下土壤细菌群落的β多样性分析A：PCoA分析；B：NMDS分析（应力值0.087）

Fig.1 β diversity analysis of soil bacterial communities under different bast straw biochar treatments

图2 不同麻秆生物炭处理下土壤细菌群落在门水平上的组成图中仅展示相对丰度>1%的门类，其余门类合并为“others”。

Fig.2 Composition of soil bacterial communities at phylum level under different bast straw biochar treatments

图3 不同麻秆生物炭处理下土壤细菌属水平前35个物种的丰度热图星号表示不同生物炭处理与对照之间具有显著差异，*表示p<0.05；**表示p<0.01；***表示p<0.001。

Fig.3 Heatmap of the relative abundance of the top 35 bacterial genera under different bast straw biochar treatments

图4 黄麻秆生物炭处理下土壤细菌群落的LEfSe差异分析

Fig.4 LEfSe analysis of differential microbial abundance between control and jute straw biochar treatment

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