菜籽饼肥对设施栽培杨梅园土壤肥力与杨梅生长的改良效果

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250400

浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (11): 2668-2674.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250400

菜籽饼肥对设施栽培杨梅园土壤肥力与杨梅生长的改良效果

李晨浩¹^,²(), 孔海民³, 李岗¹, 郝跃¹, 任海英¹, 王晶¹, 陈钰佩³, 颜军³, 林宝义³^,^*()

¹ 浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所, 浙江杭州 310021
² 浙江省植保检疫与农药管理总站, 浙江杭州 310020
³ 浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站, 浙江杭州 310020

收稿日期:2025-06-03 出版日期:2025-11-11 发布日期:2025-12-01
通讯作者: 林宝义(1973—),男,浙江平阳人,高级农艺师,硕士,主要研究耕地质量与肥料推广,E-mail:zjlinby2024@163.com。
作者简介:李晨浩(1993—),男,山东东营人,博士,研究方向为植物病理学,E-mail:lichenh2021@163.com。
基金资助:
浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划项目(创新引领型2025SNJF015);泰顺县农业产业提升项目(TY20230005);国家重点研发计划“果树病虫害演替规律与全程绿色防控技术体系集成示范”(2023YFD1401400)

Study on the effects of rapeseed cake organic fertilizer on soil fertility regulation and tree vigor improvement in facility cultivation bayberry orchards

LI Chenhao¹^,²(), KONG Haimin³, LI Gang¹, HAO Yue¹, REN Haiying¹, WANG Jing¹, CHEN Yupei³, YAN Jun³, LIN Baoyi³^,^*()

¹ Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang
² Zhejiang Provincial Plant Protection Quarantine and Pesticide Management General Station, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang
³ Zhejiang Provincial General Station for Farmland Quality and Fertilizer Management, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang

Received:2025-06-03 Online:2025-11-11 Published:2025-12-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在探究菜籽饼肥对设施栽培杨梅果园土壤肥力、树势及果实品质的作用效果,进而为优化土壤管理和提高经济效益提供依据。采用田间对比试验,设置施用菜籽饼肥的处理组与未施菜籽饼肥的对照组,测定分析2组土壤理化性质(含水量、pH值,及有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、可交换性钙镁含量)、树体生长(春梢粗度、长度)情况和果实品质(单果重,及维生素C、花色苷、可溶性糖、可滴定酸含量),并核算经济效益。结果显示:施用菜籽饼肥后,土壤肥力大大提高,含水量增加0.67百分点,pH值增加0.40,有机质含量增加46.51%;碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别增加43.35%、95.02%、192.08%;可交换性钙、镁含量分别增加4.39%、27.45%。同时,施用菜籽饼肥后,树势增强,春梢粗度增加28.05%,长度增加21.64%。施用菜籽饼肥后,果实品质得到优化,单果重增加17.21%,维生素C含量增加14.88%,花色苷含量增加58.12%,可溶性糖含量增加21.87%,可滴定酸含量降低9.88%。此外,菜籽饼肥处理后杨梅园的经济效益增加,设施大棚杨梅利润增加67.19万元·hm^-2。本研究为设施杨梅的土壤改良与可持续生产提供了理论支持和技术范式。

关键词: 菜籽饼肥, 杨梅, 土壤肥力, 树势, 果实品质

Abstract:

This study aims to explore the effects of rapeseed cake organic fertilizer on soil fertility, tree vigor and fruit quality in facility cultivation bayberry orchards, and thereby provide a basis for optimizing soil management and improving economic benefits. A field comparative experiment was conducted, setting up a treatment group applying rapeseed cake organic fertilizer and a group not applying rapeseed cake organic fertilizer (control). The physical and chemical properties of the soil (moisture content, pH value, and contents of organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents), tree growth (spring shoot thickness, length) and fruit quality (single fruit weight, and contents of vitamin C, anthocyanin, soluble sugar, titratable acid) of the two groups were determined and analyzed, and the economic benefits were calculated. The results showed that after applying rapeseed cake organic fertilizer, soil fertility was greatly improved, with moisture content increasing by 0.67 percentage points, pH value increasing by 0.40, and organic matter content increased by 46.51%. The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 43.35%, 95.02% and 192.08% respectively. The contents of exchangeable calcium and magnesium increased by 4.39% and 27.45% respectively. Meanwhile, after applying rapeseed cake organic fertilizer, the tree vigor was enhanced, the thickness of spring shoots increased by 28.05%, and their length increased by 21.64%. After applying rapeseed cake organic fertilizer, the fruit quality was optimized. The single fruit weight increased by 17.21%, the vitamin C content increased by 14.88%, the anthocyanin content increased by 58.12%, the soluble sugar content increased by 21.87%, and the titratable acid content decreased by 9.88%. In addition, after the treatment with rapeseed cake organic fertilizer, the economic benefits of the bayberry orchard increased, with the profit of facility greenhouse bayberries rising by 671 900 yuan·hm^-2. This study provides theoretical support and technical paradigms for soil improvement and sustainable production of facility bayberries.

Key words: rapeseed cake organic fertilizer, bayberry, soil fertility, tree vigor, fruit quality

中图分类号:

S667.6

李晨浩, 孔海民, 李岗, 郝跃, 任海英, 王晶, 陈钰佩, 颜军, 林宝义. 菜籽饼肥对设施栽培杨梅园土壤肥力与杨梅生长的改良效果[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(11): 2668-2674.

LI Chenhao, KONG Haimin, LI Gang, HAO Yue, REN Haiying, WANG Jing, CHEN Yupei, YAN Jun, LIN Baoyi. Study on the effects of rapeseed cake organic fertilizer on soil fertility regulation and tree vigor improvement in facility cultivation bayberry orchards[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(11): 2668-2674.

图/表 4

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处理	风干样含水量/%	pH值	碱解氮含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1)	交换性钙含量/ (cmol·kg^-1)	交换性镁含量/ (cmol·kg^-1)
CK	2.43±0.23 b	4.23±0.05 b	152.10±2.62 b	56.83±0.76 b	143.00±1.00 b	28.53±0.15 b	2.05±0.02 b	0.51±0.01 b
T	3.10±0.26 a	4.63±0.15 a	218.03±1.97 a	110.83±0.29 a	417.67±2.89 a	41.80±0.17 a	2.14±0.02 a	0.65±0.01 a

处理	风干样含水量/%	pH值	碱解氮含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1)	交换性钙含量/ (cmol·kg^-1)	交换性镁含量/ (cmol·kg^-1)
CK	2.43±0.23 b	4.23±0.05 b	152.10±2.62 b	56.83±0.76 b	143.00±1.00 b	28.53±0.15 b	2.05±0.02 b	0.51±0.01 b
T	3.10±0.26 a	4.63±0.15 a	218.03±1.97 a	110.83±0.29 a	417.67±2.89 a	41.80±0.17 a	2.14±0.02 a	0.65±0.01 a

处理	梢长/cm	梢粗/mm	粗长比	叶长/mm	叶宽/mm	叶厚/mm	宽长比
CK	16.31±0.58 b	3.03±0.28 b	0.19±0.01 b	114.12±1.25 b	34.61±1.01 b	0.49±0.03 a	0.303 3±0.01 b
T	19.84±0.86 a	3.88±0.18 a	0.20±0.01 a	117.64±0.85 a	36.89±0.67 a	0.55±0.02 a	0.313 6±0.01 a

处理	梢长/cm	梢粗/mm	粗长比	叶长/mm	叶宽/mm	叶厚/mm	宽长比
CK	16.31±0.58 b	3.03±0.28 b	0.19±0.01 b	114.12±1.25 b	34.61±1.01 b	0.49±0.03 a	0.303 3±0.01 b
T	19.84±0.86 a	3.88±0.18 a	0.20±0.01 a	117.64±0.85 a	36.89±0.67 a	0.55±0.02 a	0.313 6±0.01 a

处理	单果重/ g	纵径/ mm	横径/ mm	果形指数	可溶性固形物含量/%	维生素C含量/ (μg·g^-1)	花色苷含量/ (μg·g^-1)	可溶性糖含量/ (mg·g^-1)	可滴定酸含量/ (g·kg^-1)	糖酸比
CK	23.83±1.37 b	34.26±2.05 b	34.04±2.24 b	1.01±0.03 a	13.78±0.26 b	956.94±13.05 a	356.27±31.03 a	102.56±2.57 a	8.50±0.40 b	12.09±0.86 b
T	27.93±0.20 a	36.84±1.58 a	36.88±1.95 a	1.00±0.03 a	14.85±0.48 a	1 099.31±16.33 b	563.35±6.95 b	124.99±6.56 b	7.66±0.22 a	15.95±0.43 a

菜籽饼肥对设施栽培杨梅园土壤肥力与杨梅生长的改良效果

Study on the effects of rapeseed cake organic fertilizer on soil fertility regulation and tree vigor improvement in facility cultivation bayberry orchards

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处理	肥料购买成本/ (元·hm^-2)	施肥人工成本/ (元·hm^-2)	其他农资和人工成本/ (万元·hm^-2)	杨梅单价/ (元·kg^-1)	产量/ (kg·hm^-2)	产值/ (万元·hm^-2)	效益/ (万元·hm^-2)
CK	2 250	2 250	3	160	7 500	120	116.55
T	3 150	4 500	3	200	9 000	180	176.24

处理	肥料购买成本/ (元·hm^-2)	施肥人工成本/ (元·hm^-2)	其他农资和人工成本/ (万元·hm^-2)	杨梅单价/ (元·kg^-1)	产量/ (kg·hm^-2)	产值/ (万元·hm^-2)	效益/ (万元·hm^-2)
CK	2 250	2 250	3	160	7 500	120	116.55
T	3 150	4 500	3	200	9 000	180	176.24