浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (5): 1226-1234.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20260078

• 粮食作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

喀斯特地区玉米密肥耦合栽培技术的优化

黄莉1(), 黄翔1, 黄忆南1, 简贵富1, 韦洁镅2, 林石榴2, 韦政民1()   

  1. 1.马山县农业技术推广站,广西 马山 530699
    2.马山县种业工作服务站,广西 马山 530699
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-02 出版日期:2026-05-11 发布日期:2026-05-12
  • 通讯作者: 韦政民
  • 作者简介:韦政民,E-mail:398252698@qq.com
    黄莉,从事农作物栽培技术推广工作。E-mail:471680221@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    2025年国家绿色高产高效行动玉米单产提升项目(桂农厅发〔2025〕12号)

Study on the optimization of maize cultivation technology with density⁃fertilizer coupling in Karst regions

HUANG Li1(), HUANG Xiang1, HUANG Yinan1, JIAN Guifu1, WEI Jiemei2, LIN Shiliu2, WEI Zhengmin1()   

  1. 1.Mashan County Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Mashan 530699,Guangxi
    2.Mashan County Seed Industry Service Station,Mashan 530699,Guangxi
  • Received:2026-02-02 Online:2026-05-11 Published:2026-05-12
  • Contact: WEI Zhengmin

摘要:

为明确种植密度与化肥、有机肥配施对喀斯特地区玉米产量的综合调控效应,探索有机肥替代部分化肥的绿色高产途径,本研究于2025年在广西马山县采用五因素二次正交旋转组合设计开展田间试验,以种植密度(X?)、化肥养分施用量(N:X2、P2O5X3、K2O:X4)及有机肥施用量(X?)为试验因素,建立产量与各因素的回归模型,通过模型分析主效应、单因素效应及双因素互作效应,结合寻优获得高产优化方案,并进行验证试验与大田示范。结果表明,构建的产量回归模型的决定系数(R2)为0.890 4,拟合度良好;各因素对产量影响的主次顺序为X2>X1>X4>X3>X5,单因素效应均呈抛物线变化,种植密度与K2O施用量、P2O5施用量与K2O施用量的互作效应显著(p<0.05)。寻优获得产量超过7 500 kg·hm-2的高产优化方案为:种植密度5.23×104~5.35×104 hm-2,配施N 242.6~258.0 kg·hm-2、P2O5 85.5~105.8 kg·hm-2、K2O 189.9~226.3 kg·hm-2,及有机肥(腐熟干猪粪)3 848.6~4 776.4 kg·hm-2,该模式可减施化肥6%~11%。验证试验与大田示范产量分别达7 621.5 kg·hm-2和7 543.6 kg·hm-2,方案可行。本研究明确了玉米密肥耦合的关键调控因子及最优配置方案,实现了高产与化肥减量的协同目标,为马山县玉米的规模化绿色高产栽培提供了可靠的技术支撑。

关键词: 玉米, 密肥耦合, 二次正交旋转组合设计, 有机肥替代, 产量

Abstract:

To clarify the comprehensive regulatory effects of planting density,combined with chemical and organic fertilizer application on maize yield in Karst regions,and to explore a green and high-yield approach for partial chemical fertilizer substitution by organic fertilizer,a field experiment was conducted in Mashan County,Guangxi,in 2025 using a five-factor quadratic orthogonal rotation design. The experimental factors included planting density(X?),chemical nutrients application rates(N:X?,P?O?:X?,K?O:X?)and organic fertilizer application rate(X?).A regression model between maize yield and each factor was established. The main effects,single-factor effects and two-factor interaction effects were analyzed via the model,and the high-yield optimization scheme was obtained through optimization,followed by verification experiment and field demonstration. The results showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) of the established yield regression model was 0.890 4,indicating a good fit. The order of influence of each factor on yield was X2>X1>X4>X3>X5. All single-factor effects presented parabolic changes,and the interaction effects between planting density and K2O application rate,as well as between P2O5 application rate and K2O application rate,were significant (p<0.05). The optimized high-yield scheme for a yield exceeding 7 500 kg·hm-2 was determined as follows:a planting density of 5.23×104-5.35×104 hm-2,combined with the application of 242.6-258.0 kg·hm-2 of N,85.5-105.8 kg·hm-2 of P2O5,189.9-226.3 kg·hm-2 of K2O,and organic fertilizer(composted dry pig manure)at a rate of 3 848.6-4 776.4 kg·hm-2. This model could reduce chemical fertilizer application by 6%-11%. The yields of the verification experiment and field demonstration reached 7 621.5 kg·hm-2 and 7 543.6 kg·hm-2, respectively,proving the feasibility of the scheme. This study identified the key regulatory factors and optimal configuration scheme for maize density-fertilizer coupling,achieving the synergistic goal of high yield and chemical fertilizer reduction. It provides reliable technical support for the large-scale green and high-yield cultivation of maize in Mashan County.

Key words: maize, density-fertilizer coupling, quadratic orthogonal rotation design, organic fertilizer substitution, yield

中图分类号: