Effects of biochar application on rice growth and cadmium content under water deficiency conditions

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240748

Abstract

Abstract:

In the context of global climate warming, drought disasters have a severe impact on rice cultivation in China, and water deficiency during critical growth periods can lead to increased cadmium (Cd) absorption in rice grains. This study conducted field experiments in a Cd-contaminated agricultural area, setting up four treatments: control (water deficiency + no biochar application), water deficiency + low biochar application (3 000 kg·hm^-2), water deficiency + medium biochar application (6 000 kg·hm^-2), and water deficiency + high biochar application (9 000 kg·hm^-2). The aim was to investigate the effects of biochar application under water deficiency conditions on rice growth, Cd content in different parts of the plant, and the concentrations of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) in the grains, as well as the physicochemical properties of the soil. The results showed that compared with control, the application of different amounts of biochar increased soil pH value by 0.28 to 0.46; total nitrogen, available phosphorus, readily available potassium, and organic matter contents in the soil increased by 6.82%-25.76%, 10.33%-40.79%, 10.36%-21.80%, and 24.92%-36.02%, respectively. The effective Cd content in the medium biochar application treatment significantly decreased by 44.12% compared with the control (P<0.05). Compared with the control treatment, the height, thousand-grain weight, panicle length, and yield of rice increased by 2.44%-3.83%, 3.17%-5.50%, 3.19%-4.11%, and 3.03%-5.19%, respectively. The Cd content in the rice grains from the medium and high biochar application treatments decreased significantly by 52.38% and 42.86% (P<0.05) when compared to the control, while the As content in the grains from the medium biochar application treatment was reduced by 18.92% (P<0.05). In summary, applying biochar at a rate of 6 000 kg·hm^-2 can serve as an effective measure to promote rice growth, improve soil fertility, and reduce Cd content in rice grains under water deficiency conditions, thereby ensuring the safe production of rice.

Key words: rice, biochar, water deficiency condition, cadmium pollution

CLC Number:

S158

SHI Haojie, LI Shuai, MA Jiawei, YE Zhengqian, FU Liqing, WANG Xudong. Effects of biochar application on rice growth and cadmium content under water deficiency conditions[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(7): 1570-1577.

Figures/Tables 6

References 44

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处理	千粒重/g	株高/cm	穗长/cm	产量/(kg·hm^-2)
空白对照	22.37±1.27 a	93.74±2.26 a	15.34±1.06 a	5 916.44±214.95 a
生物质炭低用量	23.08±1.32 a	96.03±2.90 a	15.97±0.16 a	6 114.59±53.35 a
生物质炭中用量	23.60±1.40 a	97.33±1.09 a	15.93±0.19 a	6 223.61±181.98 a
生物质炭高用量	23.57±1.06 a	96.63±5.80 a	15.83±0.08 a	6 095.94±100.19 a

处理	千粒重/g	株高/cm	穗长/cm	产量/(kg·hm^-2)
空白对照	22.37±1.27 a	93.74±2.26 a	15.34±1.06 a	5 916.44±214.95 a
生物质炭低用量	23.08±1.32 a	96.03±2.90 a	15.97±0.16 a	6 114.59±53.35 a
生物质炭中用量	23.60±1.40 a	97.33±1.09 a	15.93±0.19 a	6 223.61±181.98 a
生物质炭高用量	23.57±1.06 a	96.63±5.80 a	15.83±0.08 a	6 095.94±100.19 a

处理	根部Cd含量	茎部Cd含量	叶部Cd含量	籽粒Cd含量
空白对照	2.58±0.52 ab	0.75±0.07 a	0.46±0.05 a	0.21±0.01 a
生物质炭低用量	2.74±0.09 a	0.73±0.07 a	0.45±0.05 a	0.14±0.01 b
生物质炭中用量	1.81±0.15 c	0.53±0.10 b	0.36±0.05 b	0.10±0.01 b
生物质炭高用量	1.97±0.30 bc	0.59±0.06 ab	0.31±0.03 b	0.12±0.02 b

处理	根部Cd含量	茎部Cd含量	叶部Cd含量	籽粒Cd含量
空白对照	2.58±0.52 ab	0.75±0.07 a	0.46±0.05 a	0.21±0.01 a
生物质炭低用量	2.74±0.09 a	0.73±0.07 a	0.45±0.05 a	0.14±0.01 b
生物质炭中用量	1.81±0.15 c	0.53±0.10 b	0.36±0.05 b	0.10±0.01 b
生物质炭高用量	1.97±0.30 bc	0.59±0.06 ab	0.31±0.03 b	0.12±0.02 b

处理	TF_根-茎	TF_茎-叶	TF_叶-籽粒
空白对照	0.29±0.04 a	0.62±0.07 ab	0.46±0.04 a
生物质炭低用量	0.26±0.02 a	0.62±0.03 ab	0.32±0.03 b
生物质炭中用量	0.29±0.08 a	0.69±0.08 a	0.28±0.08 b
生物质炭高用量	0.30±0.06 a	0.53±0.08 b	0.40±0.09 ab